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Science:登革热免疫力可能会对寨卡病毒蔓延起缓冲作用

2019-02-24 佚名 生物通

研究小组开发了一种独特的检测方法以测量免疫球蛋白G3。

研究小组开发了一种独特的检测方法以测量免疫球蛋白G3。

2015年,巴西东北部寨卡疫情震荡全球,巴西城市萨尔瓦多贫民窟的居民约73%受到感染。然而,在这一高感染人群中,那些对登革热(一种与寨卡基因相似的病毒)有免疫力的人感染寨卡病毒的风险降低。佛罗里达大学流行病学专家Derek Cummings是研究登革热抗体与寨卡抵抗之间关系的资深研究员,他们最近在2月8日的《Science》杂志上提供了暴露在寨卡下的登革热感染者究竟是如何提供额外免疫力的新见解。“这项研究首次证明,对登革热的免疫可以保护人类免受齐卡病毒感染,”新兴病原体研究所(Emerging Pathogens Institute)生物学教授Cummings说。

由巴西卫生部牵头,Cummings课题组和来自耶鲁大学公共卫生学院以及加州大学旧金山研究所的科学家们对巴西萨尔瓦多Pau da Lima贫民窟1453名居民进行了长期的健康调查。在2015年巴西东北部疫情爆发期间,此地居民可能接触过寨卡病毒。研究小组检查了642名登革热感染居民子集,并分析了他们感染寨卡病毒的风险。“即使这个群体有一定的保护性免疫,但其也遭受了严重的感染,”Cummings说。“我们估计73%居民感染了寨卡病毒。”

研究小组开发了一种独特的检测方法以测量免疫球蛋白G3,它对寨卡的一种关键蛋白有反应。尽管整个研究区域不到四分之一平方公里,但发病率(73%)很高,研究人员惊讶的是,在如此短距离内,寨卡病毒的感染风险竟然存在很大差异,感染率可能取决于环境因素——如蚊子繁殖地,这部分的风险影响从29%到83%高低不等。

642份样本中,86%的样本对登革热呈阳性,对于那些先前对登革热有免疫力的人来说,抗体滴度每增加一倍,寨卡感染风险就降低9%。

“虽然只有少数易感人群没有受到寨卡病毒感染,但寨卡流行已经在美洲造成了总体的高免疫率,对未来几年的疫情爆发设置了一道屏障,”Cummings说。

原始出处:Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Costa F, Nascimento EJM, et al. Impact of preexisting dengue immunity on Zika virus emergence in a dengue endemic region. Science. 2019 Feb 8;363(6427):607-610.

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