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Science:啥?催产素促进社交能力,那男人咋办?

2017-09-30 佚名 生物探索

为什么有些人很喜欢与朋友逛街、开趴?有些人刚好相反?是什么影响了一个人的社交能力?斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员近日揭晓了谜底。他们发现,大脑腹侧被盖区的催产素(oxytocin)直接影响社交能力的强弱,分泌出较多的催产素有利于提高社交能力。此外除了女性,男性也会分泌催产素。

为什么有些人很喜欢与朋友逛街、开趴?有些人刚好相反?是什么影响了一个人的社交能力?斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员近日揭晓了谜底。他们发现,大脑腹侧被盖区的催产素(oxytocin)直接影响社交能力的强弱,分泌出较多的催产素有利于提高社交能力。此外除了女性,男性也会分泌催产素。

“奖赏效应”的形成

在心理学中,当我们作出某种决策后如果被证实正确并产生好的结果,大脑会向负责决策的区域发送“奖赏”信号,以促进认知能力进一步提升,形成良性循环,这被称作“奖赏效应”。

过往的研究发现,在伏隔核和腹侧被盖区分泌的神经递质多巴胺的水平对于“奖赏效应”十分关键,进而可以告诉“社会奖赏”系统如何去进行社会交往。那么问题来了,多巴胺又是如何产生的呢?9月29日在《科学》杂志上发表的研究解开了这一秘密。

“所谓社会奖赏,指的是一种你遇上老朋友或喜欢的人时的感受,我们的研究揭示了这种机制的大脑神经元回路。”通讯作者、斯坦福大学医学院精神病学和行为科学副主席Robert Malenka教授说,“这一系统对我们的生存至关重要,甚至能提高我们及后代的繁衍生存。正因为如此,我们才有感觉很好的时候。譬如当你饿的时候,食物味道好极了;当你口渴的时候,水是提神的……”

Malenka教授补充道“在人类进化史上,与同伴一起行动也能提高生存优势,减少被掠食者吃掉的机会,增加配偶的机会,并有助于找到食物和水的来源。因为奖赏效应的重要性,它在漫长的进化史中被小心翼翼地保存下来了。”

幕后操纵者——催产素

原来,幕后操纵的这一切的是化学物质是催产素(Oxytocin)。并且,催产素不是女人的专利,男女都会分泌。有时被称为“爱情荷尔蒙”,它的主要来源是下丘脑深脑结构的室旁核。

Malenka教授发现,在小鼠的社会行为中,提高社交的本质是“催产素”。他们设计的实验首次证实了催产素的社会行为的作用,破坏这种物质会抑制社交能力。

这一发现有助于开发与神经障碍的个体的药物,如自闭症、抑郁症和精神分裂症等社交性障碍疾病。他推测这一研究或许有更广泛应用。他说:“在世界上有如此多的仇恨和愤怒,还有什么比理解大脑中让我们与他人友好相处的机制更重要的呢?”

原始出处:
Lin W. Hung et al.Gating of social reward by oxytocin in the ventral tegmental area.Science  29 Sep 2017:Vol. 357, Issue 6358, pp. 1406-1411.

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    2017-10-02 jichang
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    2017-10-02 zhanfl
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    2017-10-02 fengyi818
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    2017-10-01 sunfeifeiyang

    女人有福了啊

    0

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    2017-10-01 心愿

    理解大脑科学应该是很长一段时间的研究重点

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375699, encodeId=7c7e13e569941, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 01:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529936, encodeId=3f69152993697, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=010228026b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#催产#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28026, encryptionId=010228026b8, topicName=催产)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9f1711981795, createdName=zhanfl, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 01:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1603410, encodeId=8de81603410fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=657ce391325' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#社交#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73913, encryptionId=657ce391325, topicName=社交)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=004519034290, createdName=fengyi818, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 01:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249422, encodeId=a936249422f7, content=女人有福了啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sun Oct 01 12:35:29 CST 2017, time=2017-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249279, encodeId=363d2492e977, content=理解大脑科学应该是很长一段时间的研究重点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160623/IMG576BCE3504BEE4493.jpg, createdBy=161a1711463, createdName=心愿, createdTime=Sun Oct 01 06:57:38 CST 2017, time=2017-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249205, encodeId=eb602492054d, content=很好的文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sat Sep 30 23:25:56 CST 2017, time=2017-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-30 清风拂面

    很好的文章.谢谢分享

    0

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