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锐观察:闯关+绣花 解析山西县乡医疗机构一体化

2017-09-07 MedSci MedSci原创

体制上“闯关”,机制上“绣花”,山西为何力推县乡医疗机构一体化?

“劳动强度降了,操心的事儿却多了。”短短一年间,山西省高平市人民医院儿科主任李清就切实感受到了医院的变化,同往年秋冬季节人满为患相比,如今医院儿科就诊秩序井然。如此反差,恰恰是山西省推动县乡医疗卫生机构一体化的成效之一。

高平市是全省首批医改试点县,2016年4月29日正式成立高平市人民医院集团。放眼山西,这样的医疗集团已在50个县落地生根,并将在年底前实现全覆盖。为何选择“县乡一体化”作为医改突破口?该模式能否在中西部地区复制?近日,健康界跟随国家卫计委对山西医改进行调研,试图寻找答案。

体制上“闯关”

上级医院人满为患、一床难求,基层卫生院门可罗雀,无人问津,基层医疗机构发展两极化,日趋成为各地基层医改的难题。而山西医改的破题思路,从体制改革入手寻求突破。

通过将县医院、乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务中心整合,组建为一个独立法人的医疗集团,强化政府举办监督职责,落实医疗集团经营自主权。以高平市人民医院集团为例,集团以高平市人民医院为总院,整合了16个乡镇卫生院和446个村卫生室,打破体制的藩篱,实行行政、人员、资金、业务、绩效、药械“六统一”管理。同时,集团委托分院对所属村卫生室实行聘用、考核、工资、药品、设备“五统一”管理

从以往的相互独立、各自为政,到如今医疗集团“一家亲”,最直观的改变就是药品目录“合二为一”。“在分院看病,也能用上和市里一样的药品。”高平市人民医院河西分院院长牛素文向健康界介绍道,过去,药品供应都是乡镇卫生院各自采购,改革后全部由集团统一采购、统一配送,乡镇卫生院的基本药物类别扩大了,“如果遇到分院没有患者所需的药品,给集团打个电话,就会由专人配送到位。”

对此,国家卫计委体改司正司局长级监察专员姚建红认为,县乡医疗机构一体化改革,实际上是资源的重新配置,上下贯通形成合力,有利于实现分级诊疗,也有利于体现医改效果。

组建紧密型人民医院集团,反而比多个医疗机构相互竞争更有效率,令中央财经大学王俊教授连连称奇,“最关键因素是中西部地区医疗卫生人力资本的缺失,而通过‘县乡一体化’,恰恰促进了人力资本的流动,产生了规模效益,进而降低了成本。”

机制上“绣花”

管理体制理顺后,如何实现优质医疗资源下沉,高平市人民医院集团理事长李军感受到,机制创新已迫在眉睫。

2017年春节期间,李军在对南城分院实地考察时发现,该院硬件设施条件不错,开放床位30张,但每天接诊病人不足10人。彼时,与南城分院步行距离仅10分钟的市人民医院儿科,却因为秋冬季节迎来患儿就诊高峰,60多张病床却要接待近90名住院患儿。

能否通过科室技术输出,激活分院的医疗服务?在李军的脑海中,“一科带一院”的理念雏形初现。集团通过就诊旺季每天、淡季每周,派出由1名儿科医生和1名护士组成的医疗团队到南城分院,采取临床带教、专家坐诊、专题培训喝个性化指导等方式,积极帮扶南城分院开展儿科特色分院建设,效果显着。南城分院门诊人次同比增长230%,住院人次同比增长90%,业务收入同比增长 138%。

“一科带一院”的背后,是集团打造业务同病同治的意图。而通过人员统一管理、调配和考核,实现了集团内部人员能上能下;通过建立临床检验、心电诊断、影像诊断、健康管理、消毒供应、医疗信息六大中心,实现设备统管统配;药品通过“五统一”(目录、价格、采购、配送和结算统一)和“两票制”管理,实现同城同价等多举并措,集团实现医生、药品、病人“三下沉”,破题分级诊疗

未来怎么走

“路径清晰,从供需双方发力。”国务院医改领导小组专家咨询委员会委员、北京大学公共卫生学院吴明教授如此点评山西医改,“无论是从顶层设计到推动管理体制改革,再到建机制和制度落实上下功夫,无疑体现出其改革的系统性、协同性。”

从多个医疗卫生机构个体变为医疗集团,在王俊看来,“县乡医疗卫生机构一体化”的未来,需要加强内部管理。“建立创新管理机制,尤其是绩效管理是当务之急。” 国家卫生计生委卫生发展研究中心副研究员赵锐认为,绩效考核机制要与医疗集团相适应,且动态化,“要将患者向基层分流的效果,基层就医占比和用药情况,是否同上级医院成为互补关系等纳入到对医疗集团的考核内容。”

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    2018-03-12 hongbochen
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    2017-09-07 中医痴

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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