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Cell reports: ATR突变通过调节免疫微环境促进黑色素瘤的生长

2017-03-08 zhangchengli MedSci原创

黑色素瘤发生发展过程中不断累积UV照射诱导的突变。尽管基因组研究已经鉴定了一些假定的黑色素瘤驱动突变,开发了诸如MAP激酶抑制剂等诱导肿瘤消退的药剂,其他UV诱导的突变和肿瘤异质性作为一个整体如何调节肿瘤生长仍然不清楚。

黑色素瘤发生发展过程中不断累积UV照射诱导的突变。尽管基因组研究已经鉴定了一些假定的黑色素瘤驱动突变,开发了诸如MAP激酶抑制剂等诱导肿瘤消退的药剂,其他UV诱导的突变和肿瘤异质性作为一个整体如何调节肿瘤生长仍然不清楚。

ATR激酶是人和小鼠细胞生存所必须的。单链DNA损伤后,ATR激酶被招募到损伤的DNA上,激活,然后磷酸化下游的靶基因Chk1。Chk1的激活导致细胞周期阻滞、DNA修复,阻止损伤的细胞通过细胞周期进展。

近期,一项发表在Cell Reports杂志上的研究表明ATR基因突变可以通过调节免疫微环境促进黑色素瘤的生长。文章的作者Anand K. Ganesan博士说:“癌症的发展不仅仅是因为它们获得了促进其生长的突变,而且还因为它们能够阻止免疫系统识别和消除它们。我们在黑色素瘤中发现了ATR基因的突变, 具有这种ATR突变可以抑制机体的天然免疫应答。了解发展中的肿瘤如何与免疫系统相互作用以促进其持续生长,是开发有效的免疫治疗的关键。”

在该项研究中,作者发现有一部分人类黑色素瘤存在ATR功能缺失性突变;引入类似的突变到BRAF mt PTEN杂合黑色素瘤小鼠(Dankort et al,2009)可加速肿瘤生长和突变积累。ATR突变体肿瘤表现出多重突变的累积和炎症基因表达的改变,导致T细胞募集减少、刺激肿瘤侵袭的巨噬细胞的募集增加。 总之,这项研究发现了一条黑素瘤细胞通过调节免疫微环境促进其持续生长的机制。

原始出处:

Chi-Fen Chen, Rolando Ruiz-Vega, Priya Vasudeva, et al.ATR Mutations Promote the Growth of Melanoma Tumors by Modulating the Immune Microenvironment.Cell Reports, 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.040

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    2017-09-12 sunylz
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    2017-06-25 维他命
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