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WHO和UNAIDS发布青少年健康保健新标准

2015-10-14 崔倩 译 MedSci原创

由WHO和UNAIDS发布的青少年质量卫生保健服务全球标准,旨在帮助各国改善青少年健康保健的质量。现有的医疗服务往往不能为世界青少年(10-19岁儿童)提供良好的质量。许多遭受精神健康障碍,物质滥用,营养不良,故意伤害,和慢性疾病的青少年没有获得重要的预防和护理服务。同时,这对健康产生终生影响的许多行为开始于青春期。“这些标准提供了简单而强大的步骤,可以使富裕和贫穷的国家都可以立即采取这些步骤来改

由WHO和UNAIDS发布的青少年质量卫生保健服务全球标准,旨在帮助各国改善青少年健康保健的质量。

现有的医疗服务往往不能为世界青少年(10-19岁儿童)提供良好的健康保健。许多遭受精神健康障碍、药物滥用、营养不良、故意伤害、和慢性疾病的青少年没有获得重要的预防和护理服务。同时,对健康产生终生影响的许多行为开始于青春期。

“这些标准提供了简单而强大的步骤,可以使富裕和贫穷的国家都可以立即采取这些步骤来改善他们的青少年的健康和生活,这也体现了9月在纽约推出的新的妇女、儿童和青少年健康的全球战略更加重视青少年的成长。”WHO孕产妇,儿童和青少年健康署署长Anthony Costello博士说。

青少年是一个特殊的群体

青少年形成了一个独特的群体,他们身心迅速发展,但往往依赖于他们的父母或监护人。WHO和UNAIDS对青少年质量卫生保健服务进行了全球标准化,建议使服务更加“青少年-有益”,提供了免费或低费用的磋商,以及准确年龄适当的医疗健康信息。他们还强调青少年能够访问服务,而不必预约或需要父母的同意,任何协商的保密性的知识都是安全的,并确信他们不会受到歧视。

“如果我们想保持青少年健康,我们必须尊重他们,”Costello博士说。“青少年对某些健康问题非常脆弱。青少年死因的前三个原因分别是道路交通伤害、与艾滋病相关的疾病和自杀。

“艾滋病是非洲青少年死亡的首要原因,也是全球青少年死亡的第二个原因,”UNAIDS的权利、性别、预防和社区动员主任Mariângela Simão说。“所有的青少年,包括重点人群,有获得信息和服务的权利,使他们能够保护自己免受艾滋病的伤害。”

青春期的不仅是人类寿命周期中非常容易受某些健康问题的伤害时期,这也是一些关键行为成形的时候,这将影响未来的健康。

“所以很多行为-健康或不健康,这影响我们开始于青春期的余生,”Costello博士补充说。“卫生部门不能站在那里,只是告诉人们因为他们使用烟草和酒精,所以生病了;或者人们的生活习惯不健康是因为他们对待饮食和运动的态度不对。”

训练有素的卫生工作者至关重要

Valentina Baltag博士,是世界卫生组织青少年健康专家,他说:“有些国家的五分之一的公民是青少年。然而,大多数的医疗和护理学校毕业的学生,没有了解青少年在获得医疗保健的特殊需求。这是不能接受的。”

为青少年提供优质的保健服务的全球标准,需要一个超越了传统的关注性和生殖健康的包容的信息-咨询-诊断-治疗-护理服务。

青少年应切实参与规划,监测和提供卫生服务的意见和决定有关自己的护理。

超过25个低收入和中等收入国家已经颁布了对于提高青少年健康服务的国家标准。

WHO和UNAIDS的全球标准都是建立在这些国家的研究基础上,以及来自世界各地的医疗服务提供者和1000多名青少年的反馈。同时还有一个实施和评估指南,列出具体措施,各国可以采取来提高青少年的医疗保健水平。

WHO在2014年5月发表的有关青少年健康问题:

青少年死亡的主要原因:
1.道路交通上海
2.HIV/AIDS
3.自杀
4.下呼吸道感染
5.暴力
6.腹泻
7.溺水
8.脑膜炎
9.癫痫
10.内分泌疾病
11.自身免疫性疾病

青少年疾病和残疾的主要原因
1.抑郁
2.道路交通伤害
3.贫血
4.HIV/AIDS
5.自我伤害
6.背部和颈部疼痛
7.腹泻
8.焦虑症
9.哮喘
10.下呼吸道感染

原始出处:


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    2015-12-05 wjywjy
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    2015-11-06 by2009
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    2015-12-12 fstjj

    真好!

    0

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    2015-12-12 fstjj

    有价值的信息!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2033829, encodeId=319d203382988, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=852b216824' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AID#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2168, encryptionId=852b216824, topicName=AID)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 05:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981775, encodeId=b4d61981e753e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91b5181329a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#UNAIDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18132, encryptionId=91b5181329a, topicName=UNAIDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e2c339, createdName=by2009, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 16:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=45721, encodeId=237645e21dd, content=真好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=39bb1626667, createdName=fstjj, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 19:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=45720, encodeId=406945e20d8, content=有价值的信息!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=39bb1626667, createdName=fstjj, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 19:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41294, encodeId=e2d941294a0, content=xuexile, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=163, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ba41656652, createdName=slicer, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 08:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365620, encodeId=d8b9136562035, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41fa21e036' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AIDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2170, encryptionId=41fa21e036, topicName=AIDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Fri Oct 16 02:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1935244, encodeId=734f193524442, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab995841480' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58414, encryptionId=ab995841480, topicName=新标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4736501, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Wed Apr 06 14:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 slicer

    xuexile

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2033829, encodeId=319d203382988, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=852b216824' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AID#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2168, encryptionId=852b216824, topicName=AID)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 05:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981775, encodeId=b4d61981e753e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91b5181329a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#UNAIDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18132, encryptionId=91b5181329a, topicName=UNAIDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e2c339, createdName=by2009, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 16:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=45721, encodeId=237645e21dd, content=真好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=39bb1626667, createdName=fstjj, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 19:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=45720, encodeId=406945e20d8, content=有价值的信息!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=39bb1626667, createdName=fstjj, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 19:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41294, encodeId=e2d941294a0, content=xuexile, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=163, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ba41656652, createdName=slicer, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 08:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365620, encodeId=d8b9136562035, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41fa21e036' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AIDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2170, encryptionId=41fa21e036, topicName=AIDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Fri Oct 16 02:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1935244, encodeId=734f193524442, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab995841480' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58414, encryptionId=ab995841480, topicName=新标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4736501, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Wed Apr 06 14:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-16 cooco
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2033829, encodeId=319d203382988, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=852b216824' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AID#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2168, encryptionId=852b216824, topicName=AID)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 05:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981775, encodeId=b4d61981e753e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91b5181329a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#UNAIDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18132, encryptionId=91b5181329a, topicName=UNAIDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e2c339, createdName=by2009, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 16:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=45721, encodeId=237645e21dd, content=真好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=39bb1626667, createdName=fstjj, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 19:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=45720, encodeId=406945e20d8, content=有价值的信息!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=39bb1626667, createdName=fstjj, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 19:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41294, encodeId=e2d941294a0, content=xuexile, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=163, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ba41656652, createdName=slicer, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 08:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365620, encodeId=d8b9136562035, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41fa21e036' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AIDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2170, encryptionId=41fa21e036, topicName=AIDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Fri Oct 16 02:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1935244, encodeId=734f193524442, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab995841480' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58414, encryptionId=ab995841480, topicName=新标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4736501, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Wed Apr 06 14:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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