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复旦大学研究人员寻找与肥胖相关遗传密码

2016-09-28 吴晓晖等 JCI

肥胖,是现代社会面临的重大健康挑战。遗传学家们则将寻找到与肥胖相关的基因作为目标。

近期,在国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:81570756、81170789)等资助下,复旦大学生命科学学院教授吴晓晖与许田合作,用自行研发技术获得的突变小鼠资源,发现了一种G蛋白偶联受体“Gpr45”与肥胖发生相关,并深入阐明了其如何作用于中枢神经系统而导致肥胖。这项研究在学术期刊《临床研究杂志》(Journal of Clinical Investigation)发表。

以“转座子”插入为基础

作为一名遗传学研究人员,吴晓晖一直关心与肥胖有关的遗传现象。“几百万年以来,人类在进化中适应了经常出现的饥饿,积极地将食物转变成脂肪储存起来。”吴晓晖看到,“当生活水平提高后,很多人不由自主地胖了起来。”

多年来,吴晓晖带领课题组一直致力于寻找与肥胖相关的基因,这项工作离不开动物模型的开发。2005年,他与许田课题组利用飞蛾体内一种被称为piggyBac的“转座子”插入小鼠基因组中,首创了高效实用的哺乳动物转座子系统。

“转座子是一小段DNA,可以在基因组里自由跳跃形成新的突变。”吴晓晖告诉《中国科学报》记者。当时,《细胞》(Cell)杂志在封面报道了这一重要进展。

在最近这项研究中,吴晓晖和同事们则以piggyBac转座子插入诱变小鼠为基础,筛选体重和体脂含量异常的基因突变。他们从408个基因突变的小鼠中新发现了5个肥胖品系。这意味着,研究者们新发现了5个与肥胖相关的基因。G蛋白偶联受体Gpr45便是其中之一。

深入探索Gpr45

接下来,研究人员选择了G蛋白偶联受体Gpr45开展深入研究。“G蛋白偶联受体是一大类细胞表面蛋白,结合各种细胞外信号分子而改变细胞状态。市面上超过30%的药品是针对这一类蛋白研发的。”吴晓晖说。这项研究之初,他们就瞄准了G蛋白偶联受体作为疾病干预靶标的潜力。

进一步地,吴晓晖带领团队开展了一系列实验,发现Gpr45可以调控能量代谢信号分子“阿黑皮素原(POMC)”的特异表达,并影响机体能量代谢。Gpr45失活引起POMC表达量和POMC神经元活性降低,小鼠代谢减缓。

“这和我们之前的印象不同,这些小鼠并不是因为吃得多而胖起来,更像是‘喝凉水都会胖’的那种类型。”吴晓晖表示。

由于代谢减缓,突变小鼠消耗的氧气、产生的二氧化碳都比正常小鼠少,也更难在寒冷时有效维持体温。研究人员们观察到,正常小鼠在4摄氏度放置2个小时后仍然能维持正常生命活动。而突变小鼠的体温则降到了危及生命的程度。这些事实提示突变小鼠摄入的能量更容易转化成脂肪储存起来。

Gpr45的表达集中于脑部,脑室注射POMC产物的类似物能抑制Gpr45突变小鼠的肥胖。吴晓晖对此形象地形容,Gpr45对肥胖的影响是让小鼠的“脑子出了问题”。

“基金申请公平、简单”

在同行专家看来,这项研究成果不仅显示Gpr45是能量代谢的重要调控分子,为进一步研究肥胖的分子机制提供了新视角,也为探索有效肥胖干预方法提供了有吸引力的新候选靶点。

吴晓晖表示,目前,所有的工作都是在小鼠身上开展的,下一步还需要继续围绕人的肥胖基因开展实验。同时,科学家也尚未寻找到Gpr45调控信号,作为“孤儿受体”的Gpr45究竟如何工作,也是需要深入研究的课题。

在吴晓晖的科研生涯中,国家自然科学基金一直是一位重要的“小伙伴”。2012年以来,他两次获得国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部“疾病动物模型”项目资助,实验室开展的肥胖等疾病动物模型和疾病机理研究奠定了良好基础。让吴晓晖感受最深的一点,便是科学基金的公平和简单。“申请者为申请课题本身花的精力并不多,我们可以更专注地投入到科研中去。”他指出,“同时,逐年增长的资助额度也让科研人员有了更广阔的空间。”

原始出处

Jing Cui, Yi Ding, Shu Chen, Xiaoqiang Zhu, Yichen Wu, Mingliang Zhang, Yaxin Zhao, Tong-Ruei R. Li, Ling V. Sun, Shimin Zhao, Yuan Zhuang, Weiping Jia, Lei Xue, Min Han, Tian Xu, Xiaohui Wu.Disruption of Gpr45 causes reduced hypothalamic POMC expression and obesity.JCI.2016

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1907456, encodeId=47d3190e456a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=379fe3364c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73364, encryptionId=379fe3364c9, topicName=研究人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Wed Nov 09 04:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138365, encodeId=49ce138365a2, content=肥胖者很苦恼!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:27:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138364, encodeId=e4ce1383647b, content=人民生活水平好了,胖人多!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138363, encodeId=c0d113836391, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:27 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538478, encodeId=147815384e83b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751e42660f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复旦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42660, encryptionId=751e42660f1, topicName=复旦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6c312994908, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Sep 30 01:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137438, encodeId=df1c13e438e9, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137437, encodeId=0eb413e43771, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:32 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-01 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    肥胖者很苦恼!

    0

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    2016-10-01 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    人民生活水平好了,胖人多!

    0

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    2016-10-01 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了,分享一下!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1907456, encodeId=47d3190e456a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=379fe3364c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73364, encryptionId=379fe3364c9, topicName=研究人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Wed Nov 09 04:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138365, encodeId=49ce138365a2, content=肥胖者很苦恼!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:27:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138364, encodeId=e4ce1383647b, content=人民生活水平好了,胖人多!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138363, encodeId=c0d113836391, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:27 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538478, encodeId=147815384e83b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751e42660f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复旦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42660, encryptionId=751e42660f1, topicName=复旦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6c312994908, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Sep 30 01:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137438, encodeId=df1c13e438e9, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137437, encodeId=0eb413e43771, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:32 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-30 saikp
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1907456, encodeId=47d3190e456a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=379fe3364c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73364, encryptionId=379fe3364c9, topicName=研究人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Wed Nov 09 04:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138365, encodeId=49ce138365a2, content=肥胖者很苦恼!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:27:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138364, encodeId=e4ce1383647b, content=人民生活水平好了,胖人多!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138363, encodeId=c0d113836391, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:27 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538478, encodeId=147815384e83b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751e42660f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复旦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42660, encryptionId=751e42660f1, topicName=复旦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6c312994908, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Sep 30 01:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137438, encodeId=df1c13e438e9, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137437, encodeId=0eb413e43771, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:32 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1907456, encodeId=47d3190e456a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=379fe3364c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73364, encryptionId=379fe3364c9, topicName=研究人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Wed Nov 09 04:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138365, encodeId=49ce138365a2, content=肥胖者很苦恼!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:27:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138364, encodeId=e4ce1383647b, content=人民生活水平好了,胖人多!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138363, encodeId=c0d113836391, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 01 06:26:27 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538478, encodeId=147815384e83b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751e42660f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复旦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42660, encryptionId=751e42660f1, topicName=复旦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6c312994908, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Sep 30 01:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137438, encodeId=df1c13e438e9, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137437, encodeId=0eb413e43771, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 23:00:32 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

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