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哈佛大学黑科技!生产药物比泡咖啡还简单

2016-09-26 佚名 药明康德

在最近出版的《细胞》杂志上,来自加拿大多伦多大学、美国麻省理工学院和美国哈佛大学的科学家们发明了一种基于冷冻干燥技术的,便携式的生物制剂生产装置。它只有普通手提箱的大小,却可以在世界任何角落,甚至外太空随时生产包括抗菌多肽、疫苗和抗体在内的生物制剂药物,而唯一需要的原材料就是水。生物制剂类药物,包括疫苗和抗体等等,在对抗许多疾病,尤其是由微生物感染造成的疾病方面具有重要的意义。传统上,制造这类药物

在最近出版的《细胞》杂志上,来自加拿大多伦多大学、美国麻省理工学院和美国哈佛大学的科学家们发明了一种基于冷冻干燥技术的,便携式的生物制剂生产装置。它只有普通手提箱的大小,却可以在世界任何角落,甚至外太空随时生产包括抗菌多肽、疫苗和抗体在内的生物制剂药物,而唯一需要的原材料就是水。

生物制剂类药物,包括疫苗和抗体等等,在对抗许多疾病,尤其是由微生物感染造成的疾病方面具有重要的意义。传统上,制造这类药物需要将编码活性蛋白的DNA导入活细胞中,然后在类似工厂的环境下大规模的增殖细胞,最后从大量细胞中提取出活性蛋白以制成产品。生产出来的生物制剂在被使用之前,必须始终处在冷藏状态中,这就大大限制了这些药物在许多地方的应用。而直接对生物制剂进行冷冻干燥也有可能会破坏其活性。
▲用水就能快速激活蛋白的生产(图片来源:MIT Technology Review)

在哈佛大学教授James Collins的领导下,美国和加拿大科学家们发明的这个叫做FD-CF(Freeze Dried-Cell Free)的装置有望彻底解决这一问题,他们从细胞中分离出了所有DNA翻译和蛋白生产需要的分子,将其冷冻干燥后,加上同样冷冻干燥后的编码DNA,即可在常温条件下储存和运输。使用时,只需加入一点无菌水,这个无需细胞的蛋白生产工厂在几分钟内就可以开始生产生物制剂。通过这一方法生产生物制剂的成本只需每微升3美分,比现有的其他技术便宜10倍以上。
▲生产蛋白能用于口服或注射(图片来源:MIT Technology Review)

研究人员使用他们的装置试制了白喉疫苗。白喉是一种由细菌感染引起的传染病,可以被疫苗预防,不过白喉疫苗对温度十分敏感,过热或者冰冻都会导致失活。FD-CF便携装置生产出来的疫苗与现代化工厂生产的疫苗活性相当,在小鼠实验中有效地保护了小鼠免受白喉感染。

研究人员还利用这一装置制造了一个可以针对不同疾病生产不同药物的工具箱,通过组合抗体技术,对不同的感染源可以设计和生产特异性的抗体药物。他们成功地使用这个工具箱制造出了可以对抗艰难梭菌感染的抗体药物。研究人员相信这一装置将可以用来应对在局部地区发生的疾病暴发,而更长远地看,这个装置可以被用在漫长的星际旅行中制造不同的药物。
▲这种药物生产装置能迅速投放,造福贫困地区(图片来源:FoxNews)

美国杨百翰大学副教授Bradley Bundy博士认为这项技术的前景令人激动:“它让我们无需储存大量的疫苗和药物,而只需储存可以制造药物的装置就可以了,这更加经济和通用。”他正在使用这种技术试图制造可以抗癌的蛋白药物。

研究人员承认,这一装置离真正投入实用还需要一定的时间。他们面临的困难包括如何提纯生产出来的生物制剂,如何获得无菌水,以及对使用者进行培训。不过,这项技术具有光明的前景,人道救援组织利用它可以快速向受自然灾害或疾病爆发的地区提供所需的药物,将来的宇航员们在太空旅行中可能也会离不开它。我们希望研究人员能早日将它推向市场。

参考资料:

1. Freeze-Dried Molecules Can Be Used to Whip Up Medicines Anywhere

2. Freeze-dried drug factories could make a slew of medicines — just add water

3. Portable, On-Demand Biomolecular Manufacturing

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    2016-09-29 187清风

    厉害,学习了

    0

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    2016-09-28 amyloid
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    2016-09-26 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

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    2016-09-26 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137523, encodeId=dbd813e523e2, content=厉害,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 06:05:31 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1517712, encodeId=8278151e7124d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44156886664' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生产#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68866, encryptionId=44156886664, topicName=生产)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=37a111112788, createdName=ms1343860338762272, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 07:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1557433, encodeId=9ca4155e43359, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7bec398e2e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#哈佛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39872, encryptionId=7bec398e2e6, topicName=哈佛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c7014916331, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 07:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135544, encodeId=d58913554461, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135543, encodeId=71d3135543bf, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:25:45 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135504, encodeId=5cd3135504da, content=真正的科研造福社会,值得引进, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cd381919282, createdName=1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Sep 26 19:35:28 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-26 1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称)

    真正的科研造福社会,值得引进

    0

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