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帕博利珠单抗联合化疗一线治疗非鳞非小细胞肺癌

2019-06-12 佚名 肿瘤资讯

免疫治疗进展依旧是ASCO的焦点话题,来自密歇根大学Karmanos癌症研究所的Shirish M. Gadgeel教授报道了KEYNOTE-189研究更新随访的结果,这一延长随访的数据进一步证实,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗对比单纯化疗用于晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗,可以显着延长一倍的OS、PFS以及PFS2,进一步佐证了这帕博利珠单抗联合化疗方案一线治疗非鳞NSCLC的安全性和有效性。

免疫治疗进展依旧是ASCO的焦点话题,来自密歇根大学Karmanos癌症研究所的Shirish M. Gadgeel教授报道了KEYNOTE-189研究更新随访的结果,这一延长随访的数据进一步证实,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗对比单纯化疗用于晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)一线治疗,可以显着延长一倍的OS、PFS以及PFS2,进一步佐证了这帕博利珠单抗联合化疗方案一线治疗非鳞NSCLC的安全性和有效性。

免疫联合化疗组PFS、OS数据再更新

在本次ASCO大会上,KEYNOTE-189研究中更新了延长随访后的OS结果,并首次报道了PFS2的结果。研究者分别收集了两组患者一线进展后的抗肿瘤治疗方案和疗效数据,PFS2定义为随机至开始二线治疗后进展或死亡的时间。

本次分析的截止日期为2018年9月21日,中位随访时间为18.7个月后,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组仍观察到持续的OS(两组的mOS分别为 22.0 vs 10.7个月,HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.45~0.70;P<0.00001)和PFS获益(两组的mPFS分别为 9.0 vs 4.9个月,HR 0.48, 95%CI 0.40~0.58;P<0.00001)。且无论患者的PD-L1 TPS分组,均观察到帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组的PFS和OS获益。

截至本次分析,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组和单纯化疗组分别有14.1%和3.4%的患者仍在接受研究药物治疗。在一线治疗进展后,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组和单纯化疗组分别有44.6%和59.2%患者后续至少接受了≥1线治疗,其中后续接受≥1线PD-1/L1单抗治疗的患者分别为13.4%和53.9%(化疗组交叉至研究组的患者占40.8%)。

PFS2首次露相,“拖尾效应”初显

PFS2分析显示,在ITT人群中,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组的PFS2显着高于单纯化疗组(两组的mPFS2分别为 17.0 vs 9.0个月,HR 0.49,95%CI 0.40~0.59;P<0.00001);无论患者的PD-L1 TPS分组(TPS ≥50%、1~49%和<1%),均观察到帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组的PFS2获益。值得注意的是,在PD-L1≥50%和PD-L1<1%的患者中,两组PFS2对比的HR值相似。

免疫联合化疗安全性可控

安全性分析显示,总体人群中,两组患者任意级别和3~5度不良事件(AE)发生率相似。进一步分析免疫介导的AE和输液反应,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组和单纯化疗组,任意级别AE发生率分别为26.4% vs 12.9%;3~5度AE发生率分别为10.9% vs 4.5%。

综上所述,KEYNOTE-189研究更新随访的数据显示,无论患者的PD-L1表达评分以及单纯化疗组后续有54%的患者接受了≥1线免疫治疗,帕博利珠单抗联合培美曲塞铂类一线治疗转移性非鳞NSCLC,显示出持续且显着的OS获益。帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组对比单纯化疗组,中位OS、PFS和PFS2几乎延长1倍。延长随访观察到安全性和耐受性仍然可管理。这一研究数据进一步支持,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗应该推荐用于晚期非鳞NSCLC一线治疗,无论患者的PD-L1表达水平。

专家点评

来自纪念斯隆凯瑟琳癌症中心的Kathryn Arbour教授对这一研究进行现场点评。KEYNOTE-189研究本次更新的数据为OS和PFS2,从本次更新的OS数据来看,无论患者的PD-L1 TPS评分,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组均显着优于化疗组。此外,本次报道中,还进行了PFS2分析,这是由EMA提出的一个终点指标,PFS2的评估具有一定的合理性,它不仅可以评估维持治疗的疗效、同时还可以评估两组交叉后对OS的影响;此外,PFS2的评估也可以探索研究药物是否会对患者对后一线治疗产生正面或负面影响。从患者一线治疗进展后的治疗数据来看,单纯化疗组后续有54%的患者接受了≥1线免疫治疗,而帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组仅13.4%的患者后续接受了≥1线免疫治疗。但帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组的PFS2仍显着更长,这就说明一线接受帕博利珠单抗联合化疗,可以对后续治疗产生积极的影响。最后,Shirish M. Gadgeel教授认为,化疗联合PD-1/L1单抗仍然是PD-L1<50%患者的最优一线选择,且对于基线合并肝转移的患者同样可以带来获益。

KEYNOTE-189研究既往报道结果回顾

背景

免疫检查点抑制剂联合化疗有协同作用,细胞毒化疗在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时暴露了细胞抗原,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂激活了肿瘤特异性T细胞免疫,进而引起更多持续性免疫应答。II期研究KEYNOTE-021队列G初步证实了帕博利珠单抗联合化疗方案的疗效,基于这一研究结果,2017年5月,美国FDA已经加速获批帕博利珠单抗联合培美曲塞铂类方案用于EGFR和ALK野生型的非鳞NSCLC,对于这部分患者是没有限制PD-L1表达状态,不需要检测。在此基础上,进一步进行了III期KEYNOTE-189研究,这是免疫检查点抑制剂联合化疗用于晚期NSCLC一线治疗的第一个III期研究,研究结果首次在2018年AACR大会上报道,并同期在新英格兰医学杂志发表。

方法

KEYNOTE-189研究入组了616例初治,EGFR/ALK野生型非鳞NSCLC患者,2:1随机分配接受帕博利珠单抗+培美曲塞铂类(n=410)或安慰剂+培美曲塞铂类化疗(n=206),患者接受4个周期的化疗后,序贯帕博利珠单抗或安慰剂至多35个周期化疗+培美曲塞维持治疗。化疗组患者在进展后允许交叉接受帕博利珠单抗单药治疗。分层因素包括PD-L1状态(TPS≥1% vs <1%)、铂类药物(顺铂vs.卡铂)和吸烟状态(从不 vs 吸烟或有吸烟史)。主要研究终点为OS和PFS。次要研究终点包括客观缓解率(ORR)、疗效持续时间(DOR)及安全性等。

结果

截至2017年11月8日,中位随访时间10.5个月时,ITT人群中共235例患者死亡,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组与单纯化疗组患者12个月的生存率分别为69.2%和49.4%。帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组患者的中位生存时间尚未达到,单纯化疗组患者的中位OS为11.3月(HR =0.49,95% CI 0.38~0.64; P <0.00001)。根据PD-L1表达的TPS评分进行分析,无论患者的TPS评分状态(<1%,1~49%,≥50%),帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组的OS均显着优于单纯化疗组。PFS分析显示,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗组和单纯化疗组患者的中位PFS分别为8.8 vs 4.9个月,HR=0.52(95%CI 0.43~0.64; P<0.001);两组患者预计12个月的PFS率分别为34.1%和17.3%。

结论

KEYNOTE-189研究证实,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗对比单纯化疗用于晚期非鳞NSCLC一线治疗可以显着改善患者的OS和PFS,且无论患者的PD-L1 TPS评分,此外这一联合方案也显示出可管理的安全性。基于这一研究结果,FDA全面获批帕博利珠单抗联合培美曲塞铂类化疗用于EGFR/ALK野生型非鳞NSCLC一线治疗。

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    2019-06-12 329523732

    不错

    0

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