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点赞!精准诊断急腹症,CT增强必不可少

2021-12-28 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院杨大为 副主任医师 医学影像服务中心

一文读懂!

 

病例来源

一、急腹症患者CT检查必要性

 

急腹症发病率高

急腹症病因多

CT检查不可或缺

 

二、文献指出:增强CT检查

提升急腹症诊断准确性

 

 

三、急腹症腹盆部增强CT扫描参数

及对比剂注射方案

 

CT扫描参数

 

 

呼吸方式:吸气相 屏气 

扫描范围:

腹盆腔:上界-膈顶上2cm,下界-耻骨联合下缘 

直肠异物、睾丸阴茎等特殊检查下界包括检查部位

扫描体位:仰卧位 

扫描方式:Helical 

KV/MA:120kv Auto MA (10-600) NI=10 

Rotation tine:0.8s/rot 

螺距:0.984:1 

准直宽度:40mm 

FOV:SFOV-Large DFOV30-40 

层厚/间隔:5mm/5mm 1.25mm/1.25mm 

重建算法:标准算法 STD 

迭代权重:30% 

观察条件:腹窗 ww260 w145 

图像传输:5mm 及 1.25mm 传输 pacs 

增强扫描

对比剂延时方式:Smart prep 监测点:腹主动脉 触发阈值:100HU 

动脉期:触发延时:15s 扫措参数同平扫 

平衡期:动脉期后延时 80s 扫描参数同平扫 

层厚/间隔:5mm/5mm 1.25mm/1.25mm 传输pacs

 

对比剂注射方案

 

 

碘负荷450mgl/kg BM

对比剂浓度300mgl/ml

对比剂总量对应为每公斤体重1.5ml(300mgl/ml)

注射持续时间统一为30秒

注射流率:按照注射时间 30 秒的原则,计算相应注射流率(可参考患者血管的具体情况调整为合适的注射速率)。

 

四、急腹症经典病例分享

 

病例一(肝脏)

 

 

 CT 平扫所见

肝内大片异常密度区,高低不均匀

 影像诊断

脓肿?肿瘤?其它?

 

 

CT腹部增强动脉期

CT腹部增强门脉期

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

肝包膜下积液/积血,密度不均匀,CT值26HU-55HU

病灶内对比剂外溢:动脉期极高密度影,门脉期范围较前扩大 

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

肝外对比剂外溢:动脉期极高密度影,门脉期范围较前扩大 

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

盆腔积血:高密度液体(CT值46HU),增强无强化

 

病例二(胆囊)

 

 

 CT 平扫所见

胆囊结石、胆囊炎、胆囊周围渗出、肝周积液

 影像诊断

胆囊结石、胆囊炎、腹腔积液 

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

胆囊穿孔:前壁连续性中断

腹膜炎:肝表面包膜高强化

 

▷正常肝脏各期强化特点

 

 

肝动脉期

肝门脉期

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

左、右半肝动脉期强化不一致,门脉期接近等强化

肝实质动脉期异常灌注,左半肝为著,考虑胆囊炎继发改变

 

病例三(胰腺)

 

 

 CT 平扫所见

胰腺肿胀,密度不均,胰周积液、渗出,腹腔积液

 影像诊断

胰腺多发肿瘤?

胰腺炎(间质水肿型?坏死型?)

 

▷正常肝脏各期强化特点

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

胰腺大部分区域坏死无强化,CT值17HU-26HU

残余少许相对正常腺体,动脉期高强化

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

脾静脉血栓

继发胃周区域性门脉高压

肠系膜上静脉血栓

继发升结肠、横结肠肠壁水肿

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

腹膜腔积液

腹膜外间隙积液累及:胃脾韧带、肾周前间隙、横结肠系膜、小肠系膜

 

病例四(脾脏)

 

 

 CT 平扫所见

脾周弧形高密度,CT值为63HU

 影像诊断

脾周血肿?脾破裂?脾肿瘤?

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

脾脏大体结构完整,脾实质强化如常

脾周血肿,增强无强化,CT值65HU左右

 

病例五(胃肠道)

 

 

 CT 平扫所见

胃肠道内多发高密度液体影

心腔、腹主动脉内血液密度明显减低

 影像诊断

胃肠道出血?

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

小肠内对比剂外溢,提示活动性出血

 

病例六(大血管)

 

 

 CT 平扫所见

升结肠、横结肠肠壁水肿增厚

结肠周围少许渗出

 影像诊断

肠壁缺血水肿?炎性肠病?

肠系膜血管病变?

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

肠系膜上动脉内线样分隔

 影像诊断

肠系膜上动脉夹层

 

 增强CT检查发现更多重要征象

横结肠粘膜下水肿,提示肠壁缺血

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    2022-01-06 ms8000000118728776

    学习了

    0

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    2021-12-31 ms9000000508862953

    学到了

    0

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    2021-12-30 qblt

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