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有这六项创新 患者可能比医生更清楚如何使用抗生素

2015-06-19 佚名 奇点网

我们都知道,抗生素耐药性在不断提高。如果找不到解决这个问题的办法,结果会很糟糕:世界范围内可能会有数百万人死于本可以被轻松治好的疾病,很多常规手术的风险会变高,医疗成本也可能迅猛增长。如果不及时采取措施保证抗生素的效果,那么到了2050年,我们每年可能要承受大约100万亿美元的经济损失,以及1000万人因此死亡的悲惨局面。 解决这个问题的一个办法是:减少抗生素的不合理使用,也就是通过检测

我们都知道,抗生素耐药性在不断提高。如果找不到解决这个问题的办法,结果会很糟糕:世界范围内可能会有数百万人死于本可以被轻松治好的疾病,很多常规手术的风险会变高,医疗成本也可能迅猛增长。如果不及时采取措施保证抗生素的效果,那么到了2050年,我们每年可能要承受大约100万亿美元的经济损失,以及1000万人因此死亡的悲惨局面。
 
解决这个问题的一个办法是:减少抗生素的不合理使用,也就是通过检测来判别一种病症是否需要使用抗生素,以及应该使用哪种抗生素。奖金高达1500万美元的“经度大奖”(Longitude Prize)就旨在激励大学、公司和个人研发各类检测工具。
 
当然,以前我们也可以在实验室做这种检测,但问题是这个过程太复杂。正如评奖委员会成员罗杰·海菲尔德(Roger Highfield)所说:“通常而言医生要用棉签获取患者的组织,然后送去实验室进行培养分析。即便你嗓子疼得不行,我们的工具设备也无法立即就给出分析诊断结果。” 所以便捷、快速,智能是“经度大奖”对这类检测设备的要求。
 
“经度大奖”的名字来源于1714年英国政府发起的一个旨在解决“经度问题”的挑战赛。那时候航海家无法精确绘制经度,因此英国每年都会损失大批船舶。为了激励航海创新,英国政府举办了一个挑战赛。当然它对航海技术进步起到了一定作用,但效果并不是特别明显。
 
三百年后的今天,公共创新领域的竞赛又一次复兴,大量像X Prize这样的大奖赛应运而生。“经度大奖”由非营利性创新组织Nesta举办, 已经举办了五年多。每隔几个月,组委会就会颁发一次大奖。截至目前,全世界共有75个团队参加了比赛。下面是六个评奖委员会成员推荐的创意。
 
· 身体扫描仪
 

 
身体扫描仪的灵感来源于《星际迷航》里的三录仪。该设备可以使用红外线激光器来“分析血液化学成分”,从而揭示“特定细菌的免疫特点”。身体扫描仪仅需要触碰一下皮肤就能分析人体生命体征,然后可以将数据传输给另一台电脑。市面上已经有很多类似于三录仪这样的设备,还有很多同类设备正处于研发阶段。虽然图中的无创式血糖监测仪与检测抗药性无关,但它正是身体扫描仪家族的一员。
 
· 手机配件设备
 
 
同样,以手机配件形式出现的检测设备也令人期待。这类设备本身能耗很低,具备较小的处理能力。一般而言,人们都是利用手机完成必要的分析和数据存储。评奖委员会说:“移动设备日益普及可能对廉价新奇诊断设备领域出现重大突破具有潜在促进作用。”
 
· 棒棒糖式链球菌检测
 
 
这是一款棒棒糖形状的检测设备,能检测链球菌性喉炎。如果设备在病人体内发现了链球菌,自身就会改变颜色。这款设备的意义何在?全世界每年都会有上百万人因为嗓子疼而去看医生,其中一部分人是因为细菌感染,另一部分人则是因为其它原因。
 
· 测流检测
 
 
这款设备和验孕棒差不多,能检测尿液、 血液和唾液样本。它利用毛细管作用,一旦目标分子出现就会呈现出一道细线。这样一来,医生就能立即知道患者究竟感染了什么。海菲尔德说:“我们可以用它来寻找特定遗传标记,比如那些涉及抗生素耐药性的遗传标记。”
 
· 纳米机器人
 
 
纳米机器人作用很大。我们大胆推测这种机器人可以在人体内“漫步”,不断反馈体内各类细菌的情况。评奖委员会说:“纳米机器人既具备基本功能,又具备先机专业功能。它所携带的测量工具可以监控人体健康。比如它们可以评估炎症症状,而炎症一般意味着感染。”
 
· 迷你实验室
 
 
最终诊断设备可能以迷你实验室形式出现,具备同时分析检测多种样本的能力。这款设备具有检测十种不同类型感染的潜能,还可以检测人们对常规抗生素的耐药性。
 
当然,分析检测抗生素耐药性只是我们解决问题的一个途径而已。我们还可以通过减少药物使用(尤其是在农业领域减少药物使用)、寻找更好的办法跟踪药物使用情况以及为新药研发提供更大激励等方式应对抗生素耐药性提升。专家说,虽然大型制药公司过度使用抗生素给我们带来了担忧,但是目前他们几乎没有动力去研究分析抗生素问题。

原始出处:

6 Ideas For Fighting The Rise Of Antibiotic Resistance

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    2015-06-25 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    非常好的材料

    0

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    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    期待进一步研究

    0

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    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    0

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    2015-06-20 yydlt

    期待发展!

    0

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    2015-06-20 summer474cn

    0

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