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JBJS:吸烟是锁骨中段骨折非手术治疗不愈合的高风险因素

2013-07-18 hotstone dxy

锁骨中段骨折如选择非手术治疗不愈合的发生率约为5%-20%,移位性骨折不愈合的风险则更高。有研究显示,早期内固定可获得更好的临床结果,不愈合的比率也相对较低。并且早期内固定也比非手术治疗发生不愈合以后二期内固定的效果更好。基于以上研究,目前对于活动量较大的成人,锁骨中段移位性骨折大多选择早期内固定。然而,这样一来很多本可以通过非手术治疗顺利愈合的患者就要承担手术相关并发症的风险。 至于成

锁骨中段骨折如选择非手术治疗不愈合的发生率约为5%-20%,移位性骨折不愈合的风险则更高。有研究显示,早期内固定可获得更好的临床结果,不愈合的比率也相对较低。并且早期内固定也比非手术治疗发生不愈合以后二期内固定的效果更好。基于以上研究,目前对于活动量较大的成人,锁骨中段移位性骨折大多选择早期内固定。然而,这样一来很多本可以通过非手术治疗顺利愈合的患者就要承担手术相关并发症的风险。

至于成人锁骨干骨折非手术治疗哪些患者不愈合的风险较高,目前并不明确。为了明确相关的风险因素,指导临床的病情告知和治疗决策,英国爱丁堡皇家医院的Murray教授等进行了一项大样本回顾性研究,相关结果发表在2013年7月3日出版的JBJS(Am)上。

该研究的病例来自一个单中心的临床数据库,选取1994年至2007年的移位性锁骨中段骨折,患者年龄均在18岁以上。

纳入标准:1、锁骨中1/3骨折;2、主要骨折块完全移位,没有皮质接触;3、一开始就选择非手术治疗,直至骨折愈合或诊断为不愈合;4、人口统计学数据完整,在骨折愈合或不愈合之前有规范的临床和影像学随访记录。

数据库中共有锁骨干骨折1196例,941例(78.7%)符合纳入标准,55例患者缺乏人口统计学数据,2010年再次随访时无法获得相关信息;42例患者临床和影像学资料不完整;44例失访;84例因各种原因伤后早期选择手术治疗;此外还有30例患者在伤后2-24周更改治疗方案,也选择了手术治疗,以上总共255例患者排除出研究。

941例患者平均年龄36.8岁(18-94岁),男性678例,女性263例。通过双变量和多变量统计学分析,评价不愈合患者的人工统计学数据、创伤以及影像学特征。

表1 预测移位性骨干骨折不愈合的逻辑回归模型



图1 锁骨正位片所示为重叠、水平移位以及总体移位的测量方法。重叠(绿箭头)是指近折端(A)至远折端(C)与近折段轴线垂直相交点(B)之间的距离。水平移位(蓝箭头)是指重叠线的中垂线与远折段轴线相交,该交点与中垂点之间的距离。总体移位(红箭头)是指两骨折端之间的距离(AC)。

表2 为估测不愈合风险而设定的表单


结果显示,本组共有125例骨折(13.3%)有临床和影像学证据证实为骨折不愈合。双变量分析显示以下因子与骨折不愈合相关:性别、吸烟、总的骨折移位程度、重叠、水平移位、粉碎等。在多变量分析中,仍有明显相关性的因子为吸烟(优势比3.76),粉碎(优势比1.75),骨折移位(优势比1.17)。

表3 不同阈值下多变量模型的结果


如果所有移位的成人中段骨折均选择手术治疗以防止骨折不愈合,估测需要治疗人数(number-needed-to-treat value, NNT)为7.5,如果仅对不愈合可能性超过40%的患者实施手术,NNT值下降为1.7。

研究结论认为,成人锁骨中段移位性骨折,不愈合率约为13%。吸烟是骨折不愈合最强的预测因子,制定治疗方案时,必须将戒烟考虑在内。根据已知的风险因子,通过统计学模型可以预测某些特定个体骨折不愈合的概率。这些信息对于病情告知和推测预后是很有帮助的。在制定临床决策时,识别出这些高风险的患者,为了避免出现骨折不愈合,可考虑早期内固定手术。


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    2013-07-20 qingrejiedu

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肥胖是大部分骨科疾病的危险因素,包括骨折。既往研究认为,肥胖患者往往存在内循环激素和细胞因子的代谢障碍,这些功能障碍最终通过影响骨组织的矿物化而增加骨折风险,影响骨折愈合过程。有学者认为,对肥胖患儿,身体重量的增加导致下肢负荷增加,而下肢骨骼质量相对应的增强,但上肢骨骼因不负重,其矿物化作用减弱,容易出现骨折。但事实上,肥胖对全身各个器官的功能影响存在多方面作用,目前肥胖对骨折,特别是儿童骨折的愈

JCEM:低维生素D状态是髋部骨折的危险因素

尽管循环25–羟维生素D与髋部骨折风险之间的关系相当重要,但到目前为止仍没有被充分确立。为了研究挪威,一个处在世界范围内最高髋部骨折发生率中的高纬度国家,血清25–羟维生素D浓度(s–25(OH)D)与髋部骨折风险之间的关系,来自挪威卑尔根大学的Kristin Holvik教授及其团队进行了一项研究,该研究发现血清25–羟维生素D的最低四分位数与最高四分位数相比,受试者的髋部骨折风险增加。与先前以

CORR:创伤性肘关节不稳影像学诊断的可信度良好

肘关节部位骨折合并关节脱位发生率较低,因而创伤外科医生对该疾病诊断可能并没有像其他部位骨折一样来的准确。对肘关节骨折类型的判断可以较为精确地评估患者软组织损伤程度和骨折的发生机制,为后续治疗提供参考。目前尚无创伤骨科医生评估肘关节骨折分型精确性和一致性的研究报道,近日来自美国的学者就此进行了相关研究,并阐述了下列问题:1.骨科医生对创伤性肘关节不稳定骨折分型的组间一致性;2.影像学诊断肘关节骨折类

Injury:弹性髓内针辅助复位经皮钢板内固定治疗锁骨中段粉碎骨折

近日有来自韩国的骨科医生将弹性髓内钉技术和经皮钢板内固定技术相结合成功治疗14例锁骨中段粉碎性骨折,术后未发现明显并发症,相关技术方法发表在injury杂志上。

JCEM:代谢综合征与骨折风险降低有关

代谢综合征患者的骨折风险尚不明确。为了评估代谢综合征、骨折风险和骨矿密度(BMD)的关系,来自那不勒斯第二大学的Katherine Esposito教授及其团队进行了一项研究,该研究发现代谢综合征与骨折风险降低有关。该研究结果在线发表在2013年6月17日的《临床内分泌代谢杂志》(The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism)上。该研究搜

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