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乳腺癌和卵巢癌竟然遗传自父亲

2016-06-15 佚名 欧美健康在线

英国一位女士Alison Dagul被诊断为侵略性的乳腺癌和卵巢癌,经过血液测试后发现病因是基因缺陷。她不仅从父亲那里继承了这种基因缺陷,而且检测结果表明这种基因缺陷还遗传给了自己的女儿——24岁的Gaby。父亲携带基因突变 致女儿患癌Alison表示:“在得知癌症诊断结果的几个星期前,我还是一个健康的50岁妇女。我曾看着自己的儿女长大成人,并期待着与我的丈夫安东尼共度美好的晚年。但是突然间,

英国一位女士Alison Dagul被诊断为侵略性的乳腺癌卵巢癌,经过血液测试后发现病因是基因缺陷。她不仅从父亲那里继承了这种基因缺陷,而且检测结果表明这种基因缺陷还遗传给了自己的女儿——24岁的Gaby。



父亲携带基因突变 致女儿患癌

Alison表示:“在得知癌症诊断结果的几个星期前,我还是一个健康的50岁妇女。我曾看着自己的儿女长大成人,并期待着与我的丈夫安东尼共度美好的晚年。但是突然间,我的整个世界都轰然倒塌了。” Alison的父亲Gerry Abrahams今年91岁,当他得知这个事实后表示很难过。Gerry是一位退休的商人和公司董事,他身体一直很健康。 他向记者解释道:“看到自己的女儿要遭受可怕的癌症治疗已经够让我伤心了,现在连我的孙女也要面临患癌的风险,这简直就是雪上加霜。我觉得自己是罪魁祸首,但我完全对这件事无能为力,我还如此长寿,这看上去非常不公平。”

Alison、Gerry和Gaby都拥有BRCA1基因,这种基因突变导致乳腺癌的发病率为80%。



乳腺癌也可能源于父亲

虽然很多人认为,乳腺癌基因缺陷只在家族中的女性成员中传递,但是如果父亲携带这种基因突变的话,那么他的孩子有50%的可能性继承它。而携带乳腺癌基因缺陷的男性,他们自身有10%的可能性会发展为乳腺癌,25%的可能性会发展为前列腺癌。 曼彻斯特大学遗传学和癌症流行病学教授Gareth Evans表示:“需要特别注意的是,有一半基因缺陷致癌的乳腺癌患者是从她们的父亲那里继承了这种基因突变。” 让Alison和她的家人特别心痛的是,如果她早知道这些,那么她可以采取预防措施,将这种父辈遗传的基因缺陷带来的患癌风险降到最低。 Alison的奶奶Annie,在1961年死于乳腺癌,年仅60岁。而她的姑姑Pauline,在30年前死于同一种疾病,年仅52岁。

但是正如Alison认为的,“我们从来没有想过父亲的家族病史会给我们带来乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险,像很多女性的观点一样,我曾经猜测乳腺癌是来自母亲,而不是父亲。如果我知道的话我一定会去做基因检测,或许还会提早切除乳腺和卵巢,我本可以避免这两种可怕的疾病。”



基因突变致乳腺癌和卵巢癌

在90年代,乳腺癌和卵巢癌与BRCA基因(有两种,BRCA1和BRCA2)的关系才被人知晓,而从那时起可以为高危人群进行针对基因缺陷的血液检测。 作为她私人医疗保险的一部分,Alison在过去8年中每年都会接受妇科体检,包括乳房X光片。虽然她曾告诉医生有关她父亲的家族癌症史,但没有人提醒她自己也处在危险中。 直到2014年7月Alison被诊断为乳腺癌,此时距她上一次体检有将近一年时间,在洗澡时她发现乳房上有两条“索状物”。尽管并不是癌,但可以成为癌症的“导火线”。 在看完家庭医生后,她进行了乳房X光检查。尽管没有发现异常,但是如果是像对于Alison一样拥有紧实乳房的患者来说,乳房X光片可能显示不出任何肿块,所以Alison还接受了超声检查,结果显示她的右侧乳房有一个肿块。

活检确诊她患有一种罕见的乳腺癌,4天后她做了乳腺切除手术。但是在手术后,血液测试显示Alison的CA125指数相当高——这是一种预示患有卵巢癌的蛋白质。经过进一步检查,Alison被确诊为卵巢癌,而且医生告诉她无法进行切除手术,只能先进行6个月的化疗。



绘制家族图谱 确诊基因问题

正是第二次患癌让Alison的医生怀疑是基因突变的某种形式所致。医生推荐Alison去找当地医院的一个遗传学专家绘制她的家族树,并进行了BRCA基因测试。6周后,即2014年8月她收到了测试结果。 因为Alison的母亲于6年前去世(死于一种非遗传性的血癌),所以她的父亲接受了检测,以观察是否有家族病史相关联。

2014年9月,她的女儿Gaby也接受了检测,发现她也携带BRCA1基因。Gaby计划预防性的切除乳腺。她最近刚刚结婚,在有孩子后Gaby将切除卵巢和输卵管,医生建议她在35岁前完成这些切除手术。



植入前基因诊断 确保后代不遗传

尽管这会减少她患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险,但这避免不了将基因遗传给自己的孩子。针对像Gaby这样的年轻女性,可以选择一种植入前基因诊断(PGD),确保植入的胚胎是不含遗传基因缺陷的。

为了符合伦理,在进行胚胎基因编辑前,必须经过测试证实其存在遗传性疾病的风险。

随着人们对基因在癌症和其他重大疾病中扮演角色的深入了解,更多的家庭面临心碎和艰难的决定,像Alison和她的家人一样不得不忍受。

现在的问题是人们如何应对这些基因问题。伦敦盖伊和圣托马斯医院的遗传咨询师、胚胎植入前基因诊断项目临床负责人Lashwood医生表示:“对于某些基因,如BRCA1突变,预防性的手术可能是非常必要的。” “如果父母发现他们携带遗传疾病的基因,他们首先需要思考下自己的情况。然后他们应该咨询遗传学顾问,获得准确的信息,然后再和孩子们讲这件事。”

同时,Evans教授认为对于女性而言,要考虑她的父母双方继承BRCA1或2基因缺陷的可能性,并如实告知医生,如果他们的一级亲属有乳腺癌或卵巢癌的病史,也就是说,父母或兄弟姐妹,包括曾经患前列腺癌的男性亲属,这都可能与同一种遗传的基因突变有关。

同样的道理,如果男性患前列腺癌,那么可能与家族遗传性乳腺癌也有关系,这一点也需要大家警觉。


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    2016-06-22 明崖

    基因工程是个前瞻性工程

    0

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    2016-06-17 早茶月光

    有家族史。很多研究已证明遗传因素在肿瘤中占了很大因素……

    0

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    2016-06-16 stomach

    肿瘤遗传因素占一大部分。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797779, encodeId=51f11e9777998, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32fc23e41e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌和卵巢癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23741, encryptionId=32fc23e41e3, topicName=乳腺癌和卵巢癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b48400, createdName=rgjl, createdTime=Fri Feb 10 03:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90789, encodeId=1aff90e89a2, content=基因工程是个前瞻性工程, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Wed Jun 22 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90264, encodeId=af2590264b4, content=有家族史。很多研究已证明遗传因素在肿瘤中占了很大因素……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Fri Jun 17 22:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90007, encodeId=569a9000e63, content=肿瘤遗传因素占一大部分。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 09:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90001, encodeId=862f90001d5, content=长知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=f5fd1737063, createdName=浩瀚林海, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89988, encodeId=f9d089988c5, content=基因让医生好无奈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jun 16 07:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89969, encodeId=4ec4899698d, content=真是大千世界无奇不有啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160611/IMG575BDDE29B42C3218.jpg, createdBy=5c861626135, createdName=hl573567, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 00:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-16 浩瀚林海

    长知识了!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797779, encodeId=51f11e9777998, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32fc23e41e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌和卵巢癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23741, encryptionId=32fc23e41e3, topicName=乳腺癌和卵巢癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b48400, createdName=rgjl, createdTime=Fri Feb 10 03:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90789, encodeId=1aff90e89a2, content=基因工程是个前瞻性工程, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Wed Jun 22 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90264, encodeId=af2590264b4, content=有家族史。很多研究已证明遗传因素在肿瘤中占了很大因素……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Fri Jun 17 22:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90007, encodeId=569a9000e63, content=肿瘤遗传因素占一大部分。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 09:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90001, encodeId=862f90001d5, content=长知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=f5fd1737063, createdName=浩瀚林海, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89988, encodeId=f9d089988c5, content=基因让医生好无奈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jun 16 07:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89969, encodeId=4ec4899698d, content=真是大千世界无奇不有啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160611/IMG575BDDE29B42C3218.jpg, createdBy=5c861626135, createdName=hl573567, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 00:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-16 1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称)

    基因让医生好无奈

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797779, encodeId=51f11e9777998, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32fc23e41e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌和卵巢癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23741, encryptionId=32fc23e41e3, topicName=乳腺癌和卵巢癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b48400, createdName=rgjl, createdTime=Fri Feb 10 03:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90789, encodeId=1aff90e89a2, content=基因工程是个前瞻性工程, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Wed Jun 22 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90264, encodeId=af2590264b4, content=有家族史。很多研究已证明遗传因素在肿瘤中占了很大因素……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Fri Jun 17 22:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90007, encodeId=569a9000e63, content=肿瘤遗传因素占一大部分。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160529/IMG574A6B851C0291840.jpg, createdBy=cb1b1723481, createdName=stomach, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 09:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90001, encodeId=862f90001d5, content=长知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=f5fd1737063, createdName=浩瀚林海, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89988, encodeId=f9d089988c5, content=基因让医生好无奈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a411691127, createdName=1de5aaa9m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jun 16 07:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89969, encodeId=4ec4899698d, content=真是大千世界无奇不有啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160611/IMG575BDDE29B42C3218.jpg, createdBy=5c861626135, createdName=hl573567, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 00:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-16 hl573567

    真是大千世界无奇不有啊!

    0

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