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Nature:黑色素瘤细胞能有效抵御活性氧化应激压力

2015-11-18 佚名 生物谷

图片来自:www.malignant-melanoma.org 活性氧和抗氧化分子在促进或抑制肿瘤发展中扮演的角色一直存在争议。在这个问题上,美国德州西南医学中心的科学家们认为,黑色素瘤细胞如果能够细胞压力,即能够解决活性氧化物的问题,那么这些细胞就能高效地在血液循环系统中移动,并导致癌症的扩散。作者们还表明,抑制这些小鼠中处理活性氧化物的代谢途径,可以有效地减弱了黑色素瘤细胞的转移。 活

图片来自:www.malignant-melanoma.org

活性氧和抗氧化分子在促进或抑制肿瘤发展中扮演的角色一直存在争议。在这个问题上,美国德州西南医学中心的科学家们认为,黑色素瘤细胞如果能够细胞压力,即能够解决活性氧化物的问题,那么这些细胞就能高效地在血液循环系统中移动,并导致癌症的扩散。作者们还表明,抑制这些小鼠中处理活性氧化物的代谢途径,可以有效地减弱了黑色素瘤细胞的转移。

活性氧化物(ROS),含有氧原子与不成对电子,是一类可以破坏DNA和其他细胞成分的高活性分子。活性氧产生氧化应激会导致增强的突变率,促进正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞。ROS也可以稳定癌细胞出现和发展的细胞因子因素。因此,可以推测,使用抗氧化剂以消除ROS,并且降低细胞内部的氧化应激,可以作为预防及治疗的癌症的新策略。在此基础上,补充抗氧化剂的大型多中心临床试验发现,这些抗氧化的补充剂不但没有使患者受益,反而被发现与癌症发病率的显著增加有关。这些成果所带来的令人费解的问题:如果抗氧化剂消除可以消除活性氧化分子,这应该可以抑制肿瘤的发生和发展,又怎么也促进肿瘤的生长?

根据最新的研究,答案开始浮出水面。Piskounova 等人的研究认为,处于血液循环系统中的黑色素瘤细胞,比起处于皮下的肿瘤团中的细胞,往往会有更高的ROS浓度。这会导致这些处于移动中的黑色素瘤细胞,可能会通过某种方法来消除这些ROS分子。这些黑色素瘤细胞可以改变代谢途径,比如增加在叶酸途径中对NADPH依赖的酶的量,这就好增加NADPH的生成量,同时还会导致叶酸代谢途径更加活跃。而NADPH作为一种还原性分子,可以有效中和掉活性氧化物。通过使用 甲氨蝶呤抑制叶酸代谢途径,可以有效地抑制黑色素瘤细胞在血液循环中的长距离转移。

这项研究指出了,如果ROS在黑色素瘤细胞过度积累,则可导致细胞生长停滞或死亡,从而抑制肿瘤的长距离转移。黑色素癌细胞却通过增加NADPH代谢,加强叶酸代谢途径,可以有效抵御活性氧化物带来的应激压力,从而更好地转运。针对这个途径,如果能够开发出更安全的抑制叶酸途径的抑制剂,则可能成为潜在的抗黑色素瘤的新药物。

原文出处:

Jin Peng, Yong Wang, Junyi Jiang et al.Oxidative stress inhibits distant metastasis by human melanoma cells.Nature.2015

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    2016-08-18 WEIXIN8f086207

    论文作者有误吧,pubmed上没几个中国人

    0

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    2016-06-20 sunylz
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    2015-11-20 徐岩
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