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Cell Rep:癌细胞劫持DNA修复通路而保持存活

2016-11-10 生物谷 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,来自美国匹兹堡大学癌症研究所的研究人员揭示出癌细胞如何劫持DNA修复通路阻止位于染色体末端的端粒变短,因而允许肿瘤扩散。相关研究结果发表在2016年11月8日那期Cell Reports期刊上,论文标题为“Proteomic Profiling Reveals a Specific Role for Translesion DNA Polymerase η in the Alte


在一项新的研究中,来自美国匹兹堡大学癌症研究所的研究人员揭示出癌细胞如何劫持DNA修复通路阻止位于染色体末端的端粒变短,因而允许肿瘤扩散。相关研究结果发表在2016年11月8日那期Cell Reports期刊上,论文标题为“Proteomic Profiling Reveals a Specific Role for Translesion DNA Polymerase η in the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres”。

在一个细胞形成的时刻,一种倒计时钟开始嘀嘀作响,从而确定着这个细胞能够存活多长时间。这个倒计时钟是端粒,即位于细胞每条染色体末端的一系列重复性DNA碱基。

然而,癌细胞聪明地劫持这种端粒时钟,对它进行重置,每当端粒缩短时使之延长。这导致细胞认为它仍然是年轻的,而且能够分裂,从而让肿瘤扩散。

大多数癌症通过增加一种被称作端粒酶的酶的活性来延长端粒。但是大约15%的癌症利用一种不同的机制---端粒延伸替代机制(ALT)---来重置这个时钟。

越来愈多的证据也提示着激活ALT通路的肿瘤是侵袭性的,而且更加抵抗治疗。尽管ALT是在将近20年前被鉴定出来的,但是鉴定这种机制如何发挥作用一直未取得成功。

论文通信作者、匹兹堡大学医学院药物学与化学生物学助理教授Roderick O'Sullivan博士说,“鉴定癌细胞调节哪些部分来重置这个倒计时钟可能为开发新的癌症药物或者让现存的药物更加有效提供靶标。”

O'Sullivan和他的团队利用最近开发的一种被称作邻近依赖性生物素化(proximity dependent biotinylation, BioID)的技术解决了这个问题,其中这个技术允许他们快速地鉴定出物理上接近的因而与癌细胞中的端粒延长潜在相关联的蛋白。

当对端粒酶或ALT通路有活性的癌细胞进行比较时,这种BioID技术鉴定出139种ALT通路有活性的癌细胞独特的蛋白。当O'Sullivan团队更加详细地开展研究时,一种被称作DNA聚合酶η(Polη)的酶让他们感到吃惊。

O'Sullivan说,“我们期待观察到DNA修复蛋白,但是观察到Polη真地是出人意料之外的,这是因为它已知仅在被紫外线损害的细胞中遭受激活。然而,在我们的实验中,我们并未使用紫外线。它在ALT通路中的作用完全与我们正常情况下对它的考虑方式无关。”根据O'Sullivan的说法,了解在ALT通路中发挥作用的分子为开启全新的研究领域和很多潜在的药物靶标打开大门。

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    2017-06-26 维他命
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    2016-11-12 yxch36
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    2016-11-12 jambiya
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    2016-11-10 403707412

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