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研究称欧洲大陆发生寨卡疫情的风险有限

2016-04-29 张雪飞 新华社

尽管北半球夏季将至,欧洲将面临伊蚊繁殖的活跃期,但法国巴斯德研究所的科研人员针对不同类型伊蚊传播病毒的能力进行的研究显示,目前欧洲大陆出现寨卡疫情的风险仍然有限。 寨卡病毒通常经伊蚊叮咬传播,引发传染性疾病——寨卡热,其症状包括发热、头痛、关节痛、肌肉痛、皮疹等,目前尚无疫苗和有效治疗手段。自去年以来,寨卡病毒在巴西等美洲国家持续肆虐,导致欧洲、北美洲等地区国家也陆续出现零星输入性感染病例

尽管北半球夏季将至,欧洲将面临伊蚊繁殖的活跃期,但法国巴斯德研究所的科研人员针对不同类型伊蚊传播病毒的能力进行的研究显示,目前欧洲大陆出现寨卡疫情的风险仍然有限。

寨卡病毒通常经伊蚊叮咬传播,引发传染性疾病——寨卡热,其症状包括发热、头痛、关节痛、肌肉痛、皮疹等,目前尚无疫苗和有效治疗手段。自去年以来,寨卡病毒在巴西等美洲国家持续肆虐,导致欧洲、北美洲等地区国家也陆续出现零星输入性感染病例。

根据目前不同类型伊蚊在欧洲地区分布的情况,科研人员将有可能把寨卡病毒传入欧洲大陆的“潜在凶手”定为埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊(又称亚洲虎蚊)。前者主要存在于北大西洋东部的葡萄牙岛屿——马德拉岛,后者则分布在20个欧洲国家,其中包括法国的30个省份。马德拉岛与巴西和委内瑞拉来往较为密切,致使该地区自2005年起便出现埃及伊蚊,并引发了欧洲地区2012年的登革热疫情。由于法国在南美洲和加勒比海地区拥有多个海外省,白纹伊蚊容易被一些从那些海外省返回法国本土的旅游者带入法国。

巴斯德研究所的科研人员与葡萄牙科研人员合作,分别对法国南部的两种白纹伊蚊和马德拉岛上的两种埃及伊蚊的病毒传播能力进行了研究。他们让雌性蚊子感染上与巴西流行的寨卡病毒相近的亚洲基因型寨卡病毒。结果证明,埃及伊蚊的病毒传播能力高于白纹伊蚊。

研究显示,埃及伊蚊感染寨卡病毒9天后,病毒就已出现在其唾液当中,从而能通过叮咬将病毒传播出去;而对于白纹伊蚊来说,这一周期则需要14天。

因此,科研人员认为,存在于法国南部和部分欧洲大陆国家的白纹伊蚊针对寨卡病毒的传播能力相对较低,引发欧洲地区本土传播的风险较为有限。当然,这一结论是基于埃及伊蚊的活动范围继续仅限于马德拉岛而没有被引入欧洲其他地区的前提之下。

巴斯德研究所还强调,目前仍不能排除寨卡病毒从其他途径输入欧洲的可能性,例如,今年8月将举行的里约奥运会期间就会有大量的人员流动。因此,切实加强对蚊虫的监控仍应作为欧洲预防寨卡疫情的首要举措之一。

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    2016-05-10 stead

    学习了,很好的

    0

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    2016-05-03 吴教授

    学校了

    0

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    2016-04-30 Lisa971

    携手。

    0

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加拿大发现首例通过性传播的寨卡病例

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