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Nature Chemistry:突破性DNA单碱基突变检测新技术

2013-07-31 koo bio360

DNA 序列最微小的变异也可能会造成深远的影响。这些小的改变可能是疾病的根源或是一些传染病耐受某些抗生素的原因。现代基因组学研究曾证实,成功治疗一种疾病以及让其迅速蔓延至整个身体,两者之间有可能就仅是一个突变的差异。 现在,来自华盛顿大学和莱斯大学的研究人员开发出了一种新方法,可以检测DNA的特定片段,并精确找到单个突变,这有可能帮助医生诊断及治疗诸如癌症和结核病等疾病。相关研究论文刊登在了

DNA 序列最微小的变异也可能会造成深远的影响。这些小的改变可能是疾病的根源或是一些传染病耐受某些抗生素的原因。现代基因组学研究曾证实,成功治疗一种疾病以及让其迅速蔓延至整个身体,两者之间有可能就仅是一个突变的差异。

现在,来自华盛顿大学和莱斯大学的研究人员开发出了一种新方法,可以检测DNA的特定片段,并精确找到单个突变,这有可能帮助医生诊断及治疗诸如癌症和结核病等疾病。相关研究论文刊登在了近期出版的《自然-化学》(Nature Chemistry)杂志上。

研究人员改进了从前的方法,新方案无需任何复杂的反应或是添加酶,它只需要利用 DNA 。这一方法能够有力地检测温度变化及其他的环境改变,这意味着它非常适用于资源缺乏环境下的诊断应用。

DNA 是一类核酸生物分子,它赋予了所有生物独特的遗传特征。在 DNA 双螺旋链中,一连串的碱基对编码着我们的遗传信息。随着基因组学研究的进展,人们清楚地了解到,仅一个碱基对的改变(突变、插入或删除)都足以引发严重的生物学后果。可以此来解释部分疾病发作,或是一些疾病对于常规抗生素治疗不产生反应的原因。

例如,众所周知耐药结核病是严重威胁人类健康和生存的危险因素之一。它对抗生素耐药通常是由于某一特异基因上的少数突变所导致。Seelig说,如果一名结核患者对治疗不产生反应,很有可能存在有突变。

现在,研究人员已具备了检测这种突变的能力。

研究人员设计出了一些探针,它们可以辨认出靶 DNA 片段上的单碱基对突变。借助这些探针,研究人员能够更详细地寻找长达 200 个碱基对的序列中的变异,而当前的方法只能检测 20 个碱基对 DNA 片段中的突变。

这项研究表明,研究人员可以更好地提高特异性。无论最好的特异性水平是什么,他们最佳能够获得这一数值的平方。

针对一段怀疑带有突变的 DNA 序列,研究人员设计出一些测试探针。为此,他们生成了与问题双螺旋链互补的 DNA 序列。随后,他们将探针和 DNA 序列放置到有盐水的试管中混合,在那里如果碱基对完整它们会自然地彼此相互匹配。不同于以往的技术,探针分子检测的是靶 DNA 双螺旋链的突变,而非单链的突变,从而提高了特异性。

如果探针与靶 DNA 序列之间能够完美的匹配,探针就会发射荧光。如果不发荧光,则表明两者不匹配,靶 DNA 链中存在有突变。

研究人员已将该技术申请专利,并推动其商业化。他们希望能够把它转化为纸质诊断测试,使其能够应用于世界上部分缺少医疗资源的地区。

Sherry Xi Chen, David Yu Zhang, Georg Seelig. Conditionally fluorescent molecular probes for detecting single base changes in double-stranded DNA . Nature Chemistry, 28 July 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1713

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    2014-02-13 liye789132251
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