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Cardiovasc Pathol:癌症治疗相关心血管副作用

2017-08-07 王强 肿瘤资讯

随着癌症诊疗技术的进步,带癌生存已经成为许多癌症患者的现状。因此制定肿瘤治疗方案时,除肿瘤相关预后外,还需关注治疗相关的风险及获益。本文即对癌症治疗相关心血管副作用进行概述。

随着癌症诊疗技术的进步,带癌生存已经成为许多癌症患者的现状。因此制定肿瘤治疗方案时,除肿瘤相关预后外,还需关注治疗相关的风险及获益。本文即对癌症治疗相关心血管副作用进行概述。

随着癌症诊疗技术的进步,带癌生存已经成为许多癌症患者的现状。因此制定肿瘤治疗方案时,除肿瘤相关预后外,还需关注治疗相关的风险及获益。而癌症的各种治疗方案,如放疗、化疗、靶向治疗、免疫抑制剂治疗等均对心脏功能具有显着影响,且相互之间可能具有协同作用,因此临床工作中必须予以重视并进行有效处理。有鉴于此,哈佛大学医学院附属布列根和妇女医院病理科Glass博士和Mitchell博士就相关问题撰写了综述,文章发表在心血管病理学会官方期刊《Cardiovascular pathology》上。

具体治疗方案所致心脏副作用简介

蒽环类药物

有研究称,蒽环类药物治疗的患者约10%最终会出现进展性心肌病,这方面最大的危险因素是蒽环类药物的累积剂量:超过550mg/m2后,心肌病的风险显着增加。不过也有个体差异:有些可以耐受1000mg/m2的剂量,而部分患者累积剂量达200mg/m2以下即可出现心脏病变,这可能与遗传学因素及相关病史有关。年龄、以及与年龄相关的伴随疾病(如高血压糖尿病)、心脏病史(如放疗)等也与此有关。

蒽环类药物所致心脏病变可出现在治疗中的任何时候,但大部分受累患者会在化疗后1年内出现慢性充血性心力衰竭。如果临床考虑蒽环类所致心脏副作用,应进行心内膜心肌活检,并注意在常规福尔马林固定、光镜检查标本之外同时送一份戊二醛固定的标本用于电镜检查;有时甲苯胺蓝染色半薄切片也可以。活检部位则选择右心室游离壁、室间隔、左心室侧壁。

紫杉醇类

仅紫杉醇类单药治疗所致心脏表现一般为轻度,且可以耐受(如无症状性心动过缓),一般无需心电监护;但与其他方案联合应用时,紫杉醇类可增强蒽环类药物对心脏的副作用,从而使得心脏副作用发生率更高,因此联合应用时应注意适当降低蒽环类药物的累积剂量。有研究表明联合治疗时,紫杉醇类累积剂量超过380mg/m2者会出现左室射血分数逐渐降低,但大部分病例在停用该药后会恢复。

曲妥珠单抗

单药应用时,高达7-10%的患者会出现左室射血分数降低及心力衰竭;与蒽环类联合应用,则心脏副作用显着增加,有研究称发生率高达27%。此前认为曲妥珠单抗所致心脏毒性是可逆的,在停药后会恢复,且活检中无相关的超微结构改变;但近期有研究表明部分患者可能会有心肌坏死。

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂所致心血管副作用主要有QT间期延长、高血压、射血分数降低、充血性心力衰竭、急性冠状动脉综合征、心肌梗死舒尼替尼治疗的患者有30%会出现高血压;索拉非尼治疗的患者则5-17%出现高血压,2.9%出现心肌梗死,后者多见于已有冠状动脉病变者。

免疫检查点抑制剂

众所周知,这方面药物具体包括PD-1抗体、PD-L1抗体及CTLA-4抗体。这类药物所致的自身免疫样损伤称为免疫相关副作用(irAEs)。尽管免疫检查点抑制剂所致心脏副作用罕见,但已有致死病例报道。

总之,癌症治疗无小事,任何方案都有可能导致显着副作用,影响代谢、免疫等。实际工作中,恶性肿瘤患者与癌症无直接关系的死因中,心血管副作用已经成了重中之重。除本文所述部分副作用之外,很多癌症治疗方案对心血管的影响是非特异性的,病理专业也缺乏这类副作用评估的经验。正如本文作者所说,希望本文可以起到抛砖引玉的作用!

点评

“只管治驼背,不管人死活”,是我们肿瘤治疗实践中最不希望看到的情景。就癌症治疗相关心血管副作用来说,2015年美国已成立至少49个专门的肿瘤心脏病学中心(Cardio-Oncology Centers)对此类问题进行治疗和研究。他山之石可以攻玉,希望通过本文让我们肿瘤临床医师引起对该类问题的重视。

原始出处:
Glass CK, Mitchell RN.Winning the battle, but losing the war: mechanisms and morphology of cancer-therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicity.Cardiovasc Pathol. 2017 Jun 30;30:55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.06.009.

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    2018-03-16 quxin068
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    2017-10-23 yb6560
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938743, encodeId=90471938e43ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 10:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824249, encodeId=289b182424944, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56a932e7800' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32778, encryptionId=56a932e7800, topicName=副作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Fri Feb 23 20:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786182, encodeId=b3041e8618253, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=569f13e9045' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pathol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13790, encryptionId=569f13e9045, topicName=Pathol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 13:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844228, encodeId=692118442282c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Fri Dec 01 01:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=233396, encodeId=89a923339633, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Mon Aug 14 08:34:51 CST 2017, time=2017-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=232363, encodeId=2a042323634f, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Aug 11 07:41:10 CST 2017, time=2017-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=231370, encodeId=2cc82313e016, content=好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 07:45:55 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=231331, encodeId=7e2723133192, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 06:49:29 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-14 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2017-08-11 大爰

    学习并分享!!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938743, encodeId=90471938e43ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 10:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824249, encodeId=289b182424944, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56a932e7800' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32778, encryptionId=56a932e7800, topicName=副作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Fri Feb 23 20:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786182, encodeId=b3041e8618253, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=569f13e9045' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pathol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13790, encryptionId=569f13e9045, topicName=Pathol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 13:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844228, encodeId=692118442282c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Fri Dec 01 01:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=233396, encodeId=89a923339633, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Mon Aug 14 08:34:51 CST 2017, time=2017-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=232363, encodeId=2a042323634f, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Aug 11 07:41:10 CST 2017, time=2017-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=231370, encodeId=2cc82313e016, content=好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 07:45:55 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=231331, encodeId=7e2723133192, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 06:49:29 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-08 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938743, encodeId=90471938e43ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 10:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824249, encodeId=289b182424944, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56a932e7800' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32778, encryptionId=56a932e7800, topicName=副作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Fri Feb 23 20:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786182, encodeId=b3041e8618253, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=569f13e9045' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pathol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13790, encryptionId=569f13e9045, topicName=Pathol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 13:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844228, encodeId=692118442282c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Fri Dec 01 01:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=233396, encodeId=89a923339633, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Mon Aug 14 08:34:51 CST 2017, time=2017-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=232363, encodeId=2a042323634f, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Aug 11 07:41:10 CST 2017, time=2017-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=231370, encodeId=2cc82313e016, content=好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 07:45:55 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=231331, encodeId=7e2723133192, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Tue Aug 08 06:49:29 CST 2017, time=2017-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-08 184****9840

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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