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视网膜母细胞瘤A期治疗病例

2014-09-04 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院 赵军阳 中国医学论坛报

确诊视网膜母细胞瘤(Rb)之后,需要对眼球内的肿瘤进行分期,然后依据分期制定治疗方案。目前临床上多采用IIRC(International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification)分期,这是美国洛杉矶儿童医院默弗里(Linn Murphree)教授与许多世界著名Rb专家于2005年共同提出的新的Rb眼内分期。IIRC分期是依据肿瘤生长特点和发展演变,

确诊视网膜母细胞瘤(Rb)之后,需要对眼球内的肿瘤进行分期,然后依据分期制定治疗方案。目前临床上多采用IIRC(International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification)分期,这是美国洛杉矶儿童医院默弗里(Linn Murphree)教授与许多世界著名Rb专家于2005年共同提出的新的Rb眼内分期。IIRC分期是依据肿瘤生长特点和发展演变,由轻到重分成五期,分别以英文大写字母A、B、C、D和E表示。

如果肿瘤突破了眼球,临床上称之为眼外期,可以有全身转移,需要参照TNM分期。对于肿瘤已经侵犯到颅内或者全身转移的患者,目前国际上多采用姑息对症治疗,也就是对出现的症状(例如疼痛、呕吐、发烧等)进行治疗;因为目前的临床资料证明,现有的治疗方法无法挽救这些患儿的生命,只会增加临终前的痛苦。

A期风险很低,主要特点是肿瘤较小并且远离重要的组织结构。具体表现是:肿瘤不大于3毫米,局限在视网膜内,距离黄斑3毫米、视乳头1.5毫米以上,而且没有玻璃体和视网膜下的种植(也就是脱落的活肿瘤细胞,即种子)。

        图1  A 期(病例1,a 治疗前的小肿瘤,b 治疗后的瘢痕组织)

病例1,患儿2012年3月26日出生,2012年5月10日当地常规体检眼底检查发现很小的肿瘤,A期(图1a),位于黄斑区颞侧,不影响视力;于2012年6月7日至2013年4月19日激光治疗6次后肿瘤消失,可见稳定的瘢痕组织(图1b,摄于2014年8月8日);患儿不仅保住了眼球,也保住了视力。所以如果能早期发现小肿瘤,可以采用眼科局部治疗方法(激光和冷冻)治愈,保住患儿的眼球和视力。局部治疗的损伤小,对全身无副作用,是小肿瘤的首选治疗方法。


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    2014-09-08 sweetai

    很好,非常有收获

    0

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    2014-09-06 zutt
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