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JGH:脂多糖通过激活p38-MAPK信号引发肠肌层炎症加重结直肠癌患者术后肠梗阻

2021-12-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

临床上一般认为患者腹腔镜手术术后超过3天、开腹手术后超过5天未恢复肠蠕动者,即可诊断为术后肠梗阻。手术后肠梗阻最常见的部位是小肠,也称术后小肠梗阻。

接受腹部手术患出现术后肠梗阻(POI)是一种常见的并发症,它会导致短暂的肠道协调运动停止,导致恶心、呕吐、腹胀、排便和排气延迟,以及对固体食物的不耐受。腹部手术后的临床恢复、住院时间和住院费用主要由POI决定。尽管人们提出了各种减少POI的策略,如术前优化合并症,使用微创手术,以及利用增强的康复路径等,但没有一种策略能完全成功地防止POI的发生。POI的病理生理学包括由腹部手术引发的两个阶段,第一阶段是神经源性的,在腹部手术期间开始,在手术后不久结束。第二阶段是炎症期,在手术后3-4小时开始,持续2-5天,因此在临床上更有意义。

 

由于肠道微生物群参与了几乎所有免疫介导的肠道炎症,因此,肠道微生物群可能在POI的发展中起着关键作用。微生物群落以及它们的代谢物和成分不仅是免疫平衡的必要条件,而且还影响到宿主对许多免疫介导的疾病和紊乱的敏感度。脂多糖(LPS)是革兰氏阴性菌的一种细胞壁成分,已被证明能诱发小鼠小肠肌肉层的炎症,此外,Turler等人发现,对结肠进行手术操作可以导致LPS从肠腔转移到外部肌肉,这可能直接这可能直接影响胃肠道转运。本研究的目的是探究结直肠癌 (CRC) 患者肠道微生物群、LPS 和 POI 之间的关系,并探讨 LPS 触发 POI 的潜在机制。

本项研究最后共纳入 60 名接受结直肠切除术的 CRC 患者。粪便样本中的细菌群落通过 16S rRNA 基因测序进行表征,粪便 LPS 水平由鲎变形细胞裂解物测定确定。模型小鼠被用来研究微生物群、LPS 和 POI 之间的因果关系。

 

研究结果发现,发生长期 POI (PPOI) 的 CRC 患者在围手术期具有独特的促炎肠道微生物组成。在属水平上,革兰氏阴性菌比例最高的是埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌和拟杆菌;埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌的丰富度在整个围手术期均较高。PPOI 患者的粪便 LPS 水平显着升高。在用抗生素鸡尾酒治疗的小鼠中,肠道肌层炎症和肠道功能障碍得到显着改善。用多粘菌素 B (PmB) 治疗的小鼠的炎症和功能障碍显着减少,但用 LPS 治疗会恶化。此外,LPS 上调小鼠 p38 磷酸化,用 p38 抑制剂(SB203580)治疗可显着减轻肠道炎症和运动障碍。

 

因此,通过本项研究最后证实LPS 通过激活 p38 信号通路增加肠道肌层炎症,从而加重 POI。在围手术期去除 LPS 的细菌来源有利于 PPOI 的预防性治疗。

 

原始出处:

Lujia Liu. Et al. Lipopolysaccharide Initiates Intestinal Muscularis Inflammation via Activation of p38-MAPK Signaling to Aggravate Postoperative Ileus in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021.

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    2022-05-09 lidong51
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    2022-08-07 licz0423
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