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JNNP:ALS临床试验中肌萎缩侧索硬化症功能评定量表的再思考

2020-12-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)的临床试验旨在确定能够减缓功能衰退或延长生存时间的治疗方法。在缺乏客观的生物标志物的情况下,临床试验中使用诸如ALSFRS功能评定量表(ALSFRS)等调查问卷来评估治疗效果

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)的临床试验旨在确定能够减缓功能衰退或延长生存时间的治疗方法。在缺乏客观的生物标志物的情况下,临床试验中使用诸如ALSFRS功能评定量表(ALSFRS)等调查问卷来评估治疗效果。最初设计的呼吸功能评分为10分,也可作为运动功能评分。1999年对ALSFRS进行了修订,增加了两个项目。由于问卷的结构有效性可能恶化,导致与呼吸功能和生存率的相关性变弱,因此这一修订是否导致改善尚不清楚。然而,ALSFRS的最终实际应用是作为疗效终点。仅仅评估有效性可能不足以评估修订版。因此,评估纵向生物标志物和问卷调查显得尤为重要,不仅在有效性方面,也在试验设计方面。最终,这一策略可能有助于为ALS或其他神经退行性疾病临床试验选择最佳疗效终点。

使用来自PRO-ACT的12个月的数据来比较ALSFRS和ALSFRS修订版(ALSFRS-R)。PRO-ACT包含自1990年以来进行的23项临床试验的匿名数据。 仅使用包括ALSFRS-R在内的试验的数据。为了使PRO-ACT数据集与普通试验人群相比较,我们排除了症状持续时间>36个月、肺活量<60%或80岁以上的患者。ALSFRS和ALSFRS-R总分分别计算为第1至第10项或第1至第12项之和。用信噪比和所需样本量比较ALSFRS和ALSFRS-R检测治疗效果的灵敏度。信噪比与所需样本量直接相关,较高的信噪比会增加检测治疗效果的能力。 为了直接比较问卷,将得分除以10(ALSFRS)和12(ALSFRS-R)。这种线性变换不影响信噪比。信噪比定义为月平均下降除以患者间变异性。样本量计算基于90%的功率,每月随访检测进展率降低30%,双侧α为5%。 作为敏感性分析,我们重复分析ALSFRS+项目11,ALSFRS+项目12,并排除进展缓慢的患者(即ΔFS<0.50分/月)。采用自举法(n=25 000)计算95%可信区间。 

此项研究纳入了2590例患者,共进行了21 497次ALSFRS-R测量(平均8.8次测量和10.1个月的随访时间)。ALSFRS-R总分的月平均下降为1.07分(95%CI,1.04-1.11),而ALSFRS总分的月平均下降为0.96分(95%CI,0.93-0.99)。与ALSFRS-R相比,每个项目的平均ALSFRS下降更快(0.096比0.090点/月),因此信噪比更好。因此,与ALSFRS-R相比,ALSFRS需要更少的患者来检测给定的治疗效果 。为了说明这一点:在90%的功率下,检测12个月内ALSFRS-R下降率降低30%所需的样本量为270名患者;ALSFRS为252名患者(增加7.1%,95%可信区间5.3%至9.6%);或者,在这种情况下,200名患者在使用ALSFRS-R时将提供79.6%的功率,而使用ALSFRS作为主要终点时,将提供82.3%的功率。

对ALSFRS修订的负面影响的可能解释是,终末期ALS的活动性降低可能导致呼吸症状的减轻。此外,一些患者可能无法耐受无创通气,导致患者之间的差异性很大。因此,呼吸功能测试可能是替代呼吸项目和的更好选择。然而,药物疗效的确定通常基于主观终点,如ALSFRS-R。评估每个分量表的治疗效果可能是有利的,并且正在努力开发更好的问卷,这可能会产生更敏感的终点。然而,作为试验终点的问卷调查的绩效,在开发阶段仍然需要考虑。

这项研究中,介绍了一个相对简单的评估,可以作为一个工具,除了经典的信度和效度测量。这种评估可以降低丢失重要治疗线索的风险。重要的是,所提出的方法可用于优化和选择随时间推移而进行的任何纵向终点,如其他地方所示。最终,这可能加快确定有效治疗ALS和其他神经退行性疾病的速度。

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    2022-05-20 55838_6928

    已学习

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    2021-09-26 chendoc252
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    2020-12-15 wxl882001

    了解

    0

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