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PNAS:缺氧也能治病?逆转神经退行性疾病造成的脑损伤!

2017-05-11 漱石 生物探索

当细胞的线粒体不能正常工作时,人体会发生线粒体疾病。一项新研究表明,缺氧可能对线粒体功能不全造成的脑损伤有一定的保护作用,这一研究发表在近日的PNAS。线粒体是细胞内的“发电厂”。人类多种疾病,如神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤等都与线粒体功能障碍有关。Leigh氏综合征就是一种与线粒体缺陷有关的神经退行性疾病。该病以脑损伤,运动技能和肌张力的逐渐丧失,发育迟缓为特征。并发症可导致心脏,呼吸和肾脏功能

当细胞的线粒体不能正常工作时,人体会发生线粒体疾病。一项新研究表明,缺氧可能对线粒体功能不全造成的脑损伤有一定的保护作用,这一研究发表在近日的PNAS。

线粒体是细胞内的“发电厂”。人类多种疾病,如神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤等都与线粒体功能障碍有关。Leigh氏综合征就是一种与线粒体缺陷有关的神经退行性疾病。该病以脑损伤,运动技能和肌张力的逐渐丧失,发育迟缓为特征。并发症可导致心脏,呼吸和肾脏功能损伤。疾病症状在出生后第一年出现,并在两到三年内导致死亡。Leigh氏综合征罕见,每30,000名新生儿中约有1名会患有此病。

一般情况下,Leigh氏综合症不能治愈。然而,一项在小鼠中进行新研究表明,缺氧可能在这种线粒体疾病种对大脑具有保护作用。该研究由波士顿马萨诸塞州总医院(MGH)的研究人员进行,研究结果发表在PNAS杂志上。

缺氧在线粒体疾病中的治疗作用

这项新研究建立在该研究小组此前的工作之上。在他们2016年发表在Science上的研究中,研究人员将Leigh氏综合征的小鼠模型——Ndufs4基因敲除小鼠放置在只有11%浓度(大约相当于海平面上氧浓度的一半)的氧气环境中。Ndufs4基因编码的蛋白质是组成线粒体氧化呼吸链中的复合物Ⅰ的关键。

研究人员发现缺氧环境显着降低了Leigh氏综合征的典型症状,延长了啮齿动物的生存期。相比之下,在高于正常浓度的氧气环境中,Leigh氏综合征模型动物会更早死亡,但对正常健康动物没有影响。

在新研究中,研究小组希望能进一步理解不同氧浓度对小鼠模型影响,并观察更多的实用缺氧方案是否可以重复以前研究的结果。

持续缺氧逆转小鼠Leigh综合征

新研究显示,随着时间的推移,脑损伤的程度随着氧气的水平发生变化。总体而言,用缺氧治疗的小鼠平均生活了270天,而生活在21%氧气环境中的小鼠平均存活了58天。成像研究表明,在11%氧气的环境中,Ndufs4敲除小鼠在250天龄时没有脑损伤。相比之下,在吸入21%氧气的小鼠中,脑损伤早在60天就开始出现。此外,吸入55%氧气的小鼠很快就死于肺水肿,并且大脑嗅球发生损伤。

令人惊讶的结果是,缺氧治疗似乎也能扭转已经存在的损伤。小鼠脑损伤在它们转入到低氧环境停留一个月后就消失了。该研究小组还试图将已经安置在11%氧气环境中存在脑损伤的小鼠转移到21%氧气环境中,但这导致了疾病发展和最终死亡。这意味着低氧治疗需要持续进行。

尽管缺氧疗法能够预防Ndufs4敲除小鼠的脑损伤,但并不能阻止心脏功能不全(大约在150天大时出现症状)。一些Leigh氏综合征患者会出现某些心肌症,并且,研究人员表示,另一些只在心脏敲除Ndufs4的模型小鼠会发展成类似的心脏病,这表明缺氧治疗可能对该症状没有影响。

研究人员在寻找更实用的缺氧治疗

虽然缺氧疗法在小鼠中获得了成功,但研究人员还指出,这种治疗方法有些不切实际。作者认为,11%的氧气含量与极高海拔的氧含量相似,这种氧气水平的持续治疗肯定不会让患者舒服。

未来,Mootha和团队希望了解缺氧益处背后的分子机制,以便他们能够提出更实际的治疗方法,保护大脑并逆转脑损伤。“我们还在努力尝试和确定其他可能有效的更实用的缺氧方案。”Mootha说,“我们希望能够为患者及其家属提供治疗,不仅能阻止疾病发展,更能治愈疾病,但是我们现在只在动物模型中看到了效果。 虽然还没有在人类中验证,但是我们已经准备好了。”

原始出处:

Ferrari M, Jain IH, et al. Hypoxia treatment reverses neurodegenerative disease in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 May 8.

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    2017-12-27 drwjr
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    2017-05-12 184****9840

    这是另外一个饿死癌细胞疗法吗?

    0

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    2017-05-11 有备才能无患

    反其道治疗方案

    0

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这有点像双重人格者。在某个时刻,皮肤上的细菌是无害的,而下一刻,它们正在全面引发斑点状的粉刺。如今,研究人员发现了这一切是如何发生的。而该突破或许有望在两年内催生新的痤疮治疗方法。相关成果日前发表于《科学—免疫学》杂志。来自美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校的Richard Gallo和同事发现,当一种生活在皮肤表面的无害细菌发现自己困在诸如毛囊等缺少空气的油性环境中时会变“坏”,从而触发炎症和粉刺。缺少空

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很多儿童患有先天性心脏病(CHD),在美国,这是最常见的出生缺陷之一。这些患儿不仅心脏有功能障碍,也容易出现行为、思维和学习等中枢神经系统功能异常。现在,研究人员首次揭示了心脏畸形诱发的大脑缺氧如何阻碍新生儿的大脑发育。这为研发能在婴儿出生前使用的潜在疗法铺平了道路。

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表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)被广泛认为是驱动头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)形成的因素之一。使用单克隆抗体抑制EGFR,已经得到了很好的评估。 HNSCCs组织里富含缺氧组织,而缺氧已被证实参与了下调EGFR膜的表达。 研究纳入58例HNSCCs和9例正常/癌症邻近组织,建立一种新的多重免疫荧光和单细胞分割(通过DAPI染色的细胞核)方法,研究组织中EGFR的表达、内源性缺氧标记CA I

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