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Cell:科学家们开发出更精准、更高通量的分析基因新方法

2017-08-14 佚名 生物探索

发表在8月10日Cell上西班牙科学家开发的新方法允许任何研究人员在脊椎动物模型中诱导多谱系基因嵌合体,如小鼠和斑马鱼;可以让不同的细胞群在同一个组织中被诱导,并且可以同时成像,所以对它们行为差异的分析可以为研究基因的功能提供精确数据和新见解。



西班牙卡洛斯三世心血管研究中心的科学家找到一个新方法来产生和研究基因嵌合体。在这些基因嵌合体中,相同组织可以含有不同的已知基因型的细胞群,能够允许研究这些基因型在细胞行为中的差异。发表在8月10日Cell上的新方法将允许任何研究人员在脊椎动物模型中诱导多谱系基因嵌合体,如小鼠和斑马鱼。

用多谱系基因嵌合体来研究比经典遗传学更精确

这项技术将有助于提高对基因在发育和疾病中各个时空分辨率的功能和相互作用的理解。研究基因功能方法的改进将使研究人员能够增加了解基因组是如何构成我们身体的,和理解基因相互作用网络的知识,而且对设计出修改或纠正疾病相关基因活性的有效治疗策略是至关重要的。

改变基因活性的能力从根本上改变了研究生物过程的方法。今天,大多数研究人员一次分析一个基因的功能,通过改变它的活性,在一个器官、或动物中的所有细胞、或一个子集的细胞中增加它或消除它。通过这种方法,分析单个基因修饰在器官或动物中的发育、功能或疾病中产生的变化来获得对基因功能的理解。

文章的第一作者Rui Benedito解释使用诱导基因嵌合体的实验方法,诱导的基因变化只发生在一些生物体的细胞(突变细胞),而其他细胞保持不变(正常细胞)。他说:“诱导型基因嵌合体的应用非常重要,因为它使我们能够在相同的环境中研究不同基因型的细胞如何作用,所以任何差异可以归因于诱导的基因改变。”这种方法来研究基因的功能往往比经典遗传学更加精确和丰富。

由于果蝇易于进行有丝分裂重组,遗传嵌合体在其中得到了广泛的应用,并彻底改变了基因功能和细胞生物学的研究。然而,迄今为止,在生物医学研究中应用最广泛的模型生物小鼠上诱导和分析基因嵌合体在技术上更具挑战性。携带多个基因和调控元件的大型DNA结构对基因组的靶向存在技术困难。

在小鼠中产生多谱系基因嵌合体的方法和流程





为了在小鼠中产生基因嵌合体,科学家们开发出了新的分子生物学和转基因方法。这些方法允许在同一只小鼠同时诱导多个嵌合体基因修饰,其不同荧光标记的表达可以用高分辨多光谱显微镜检测到。

为了让其他研究小组可以使用这些新的遗传工具,研究团队首先开发了一个开源的DNA工程策略,大大简化了含有多个靶基因和荧光标记基因的庞大而复杂的DNA构建过程。该团队还开发了新的CRISPR/Cas9方法介导这些DNA分子进入胚胎干细胞或受精卵,简单、快速和可靠地产生转基因小鼠的嵌合体。



15个颜色编码的细胞群

有了这些新的遗传工具和转基因小鼠,研究团队能够用同步荧光显微镜观察多达15个颜色编码的细胞群,来研究相同组织的多个基因功能,每一个颜色表达独特的基因组合。据Rui Benedito说,“这项技术首次允许多个遗传嵌合体组合被诱导,在相同的小鼠不同细胞中进行分析。因为不同的细胞群在同一个组织中被诱导,并且可以同时成像,所以对它们行为差异的分析可以为研究基因的功能提供精确数据和新见解。这种方法与遗传分析的既定程序相比,具有实际的优势,因为这需要对不同组织或环境中存在的细胞进行比较,所以分析必须由具有或没有给定基因修饰的独立动物完成。

原始出处:

Samuel Pontes-Quero, Luis Heredia, Verónica Casquero-García, Macarena Fernández-Chacón, Wen Luo, Ana Hermoso, Mayank Bansal, Irene Garcia-Gonzalez, Maria S. Sanchez-Mu?oz, Juan R. Perea, Adrian Galiana-Simal, Iker Rodriguez-Arabaolaza, Sergio Del Olmo-Cabrera, Susana F. Rocha, Luis M. Criado-Rodriguez, Giovanna Giovinazzo, Rui Benedito. Dual ifgMosaic: A Versatile Method for Multispectral and Combinatorial Mosaic Gene-Function Analysis. Cell

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    2018-07-18 维他命
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一项8月7日在线发表在Nature上的最新研究确定了在癌细胞中免疫治疗起作用所必需的基因,解决了为什么一些肿瘤对免疫治疗没有反应或最初有反应,但随着肿瘤细胞对免疫疗法出现抗性而停止的问题。该研究是由美国国立癌症研究所Nicholas Restifo博士为首与MIT、哈佛大学和Broad研究院等单位的研究者合作完成的,张锋是参与的作者之一。

EGFR基因突变/ALK基因融合阳性肺鳞癌的靶向治疗

约25%~30%的非小细胞肺癌为鳞癌。肺鳞癌的治疗可选性相对较小。在晚期肺鳞癌治疗中,培美曲塞单药和联合治疗未被批准,血管内皮生长因子受体抑制剂贝伐珠单抗(bevacizumab)因易伴随出血事件而被禁用。针对驱动基因变异的表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)和间变性淋巴瘤激酶酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(ALK-TKI)在晚期肺鳞癌中的靶向治疗已有一些研究报道。本文对EGFR-TKI在EGF

JCEM:关于自身免疫多腺体综合征又有了新发现!

自身免疫多腺体综合征1型(APS-1)是一种罕见的单基因遗传的自身免疫性疾病,是由自身免疫调节因子(AIRE)基因突变引起的,表现为慢性皮肤粘膜念珠菌病(CMC)、甲状旁腺功能减退症(HP)和原发性肾上腺皮质功能不全(AI)。然而大队列患者的综合表征却缺乏。

张锋教授Nature发文,CRISPR技术找到了癌症免疫疗法关键基因!

要说近年来癌症领域取得的最大突破,那莫过于免疫疗法了。一些原本等同于死刑判决的恶性癌症,在免疫疗法的作用下,竟能连续10多年不复发,这近乎达到了治愈的效果,堪称奇迹。 但免疫疗法也不是万能的。肿瘤细胞一直在快速突变,而有些突变会让免疫疗法失效。目前我们知道,B2M、JAK1与JAK2基因一旦发生突变失活,就会让免疫疗法失去应有的作用。

 J CLIN INVEST :为什么有的人服用高血压药副作用严重 基因决定血压药物副作用

近日,来自诺丁汉大学的科学家们发现,有些病人的基因决定了他们对常见血压药会出现严重的副作用。

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