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全面实行医药分开公立医院如何适应 中国医改还有哪些难点

2017-04-13 易利华 健康界

中国医疗市场结构不合理、医药分开对公立医院的挑战、医联体改革与分级诊疗体系的构建,这些都是中国医改的难点所在。

第一个难点:中国医疗市场结构不合理,公立医院过于庞大。

可以说中国医改的供给侧改革任务繁重而艰巨。结合美欧等发达国家的医改,几乎都有一个十年左右的改革期,是用来改革医疗市场结构的,要努力降低公立医院和大医院的比重,让小医院、专科医院、精品医院和民营医院的比重增加。在这个调结构的过程中,无论是对国家和社会,对于病人和医务人员来说,都会带来震荡与阵痛。中国医疗市场中,公立医院要占有几乎80%以上的资源和优势!一方面国家财政负担过重,对于全部公立医院的支付已经难以支撑。另外一个方面,也存在着中国公立医院普遍效能比较偏下,活力与动力不足。全国二万多家公立医院中,究竟需要留下多少家公立医院,这是一个重要的资源配置难题和中国医改选择题与必答题。

第二个难点:中国医改要实行医药分业改革,公立医院如何适应?如何生存?这是一个当前中国医改的现实难题!

有消息说,今年十月前后,中国的公立医院可能几乎全部要实行医药分业,药品零差率的销售方式改革。这对于中国绝大多数的公立医院来说,无疑是一个巨大而又重大的改革难题。长期以来,中国公立医院的生存和发展就依赖于药品的收入和加成,这既减少了各级政府财政的大量支出,客观上又加重了不少病人的负担。对于医院和医生来说,医药分业是一个巨大的业态改变!担心的是补贴的钱从那里来?没有药品加成,医院怎么办?财政投入的增加与医疗收入结构的调整,能否弥补医院取消药品加成后所带来的黑洞?这是一个中国医改有可能带来业态变迁的困难而又影响深远的改革!

第三个难点:中国医改的医联体改革与分级诊疗体系的构建改革,内生动力不足,配套改革也不足。

从目前中国医疗服务体系的建设与发展现状来看,构建打破传统区域和行政分割,实行优势医疗资源共享共建的医疗联合体建设,似乎是一个投入比较少,见效比较快,且对于分级诊疗体系构建比较有利的一种改革举措。但是在现实改革中,还是有许多难点和极易出现偏差的地方。一个是内生动力不足的问题!也就是说,如何让各级医疗机构都得益,都说好,很难做到。另外一个方面,医保政策的支持也是必须的。如果医疗联合体变成了更加封闭割据的医疗小王国!医保只是为了降低自己的支付总额和比例来选择性的评判医疗联合体的优劣,这也是极易走向歧途的问题。医联体和分级诊疗主要还是要看医疗价值、医疗作用、医疗效能的!这是一个中国医改解决许多现实难题的切入点、突破口和抓手!

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011677, encodeId=a0a120116e740, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=97ed21e3449' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国医改#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21734, encryptionId=97ed21e3449, topicName=中国医改)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=af60254, createdName=mhm289, createdTime=Mon Sep 04 16:17:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1286684, encodeId=6886128668438, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebac3442063' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医改#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34420, encryptionId=ebac3442063, topicName=医改)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 02:17:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408890, encodeId=78071408890fe, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c1c35262a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35262, encryptionId=2c1c35262a9, topicName=医药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f62754598, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 02:17:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534909, encodeId=af6d153490932, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10123528e63' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药分开#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35287, encryptionId=10123528e63, topicName=医药分开)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=202612558221, createdName=zhishijing, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 02:17:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187374, encodeId=924518e3742f, content=mark, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/05/02/48d1fec880a796cc2ad284d7b18e6017.jpg, createdBy=43e51704272, createdName=九天., createdTime=Fri Apr 14 14:12:27 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-15 tidiq
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    2017-04-15 cathymary
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    2017-04-14 九天.

    mark

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