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Sci Transl Med:突破!HIV竟是这样逃过免疫检查

2018-03-11 Michael 转化医学网

近日,加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的科学家揭示了HIV隐藏在受感染细胞中的新机制,这种机制使HIV处于潜伏状态,可以逃避机体免疫系统并阻止抗病毒药物冲洗出体外。 这项发现于2018年2月28日在Science Translational Medicine杂志上发表,这可能有助于设计和测试旨在治愈病毒的新疗法。

近日,加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的科学家揭示了HIV隐藏在受感染细胞中的新机制,这种机制使HIV处于潜伏状态,可以逃避机体免疫系统并阻止抗病毒药物冲洗出体外。 这项发现于2018年2月28日在Science Translational Medicine杂志上发表,这可能有助于设计和测试旨在治愈病毒的新疗法。

通常情况下,艾滋病病毒感染名为CD4 T细胞的免疫系统细胞,并将其转变为可产生更多病毒的工厂。 但由于未知的原因,这些感染细胞中的一小部分会休眠,不再产生病毒。而找到这些“沉默”的HIV感染细胞极具挑战性。加州大学旧金山分校医学副教授和旧金山退伍军人事务医学中心的医学博士Steven A. Yukl说:“我们甚至无法分离未感染的细胞,更不用说感染细胞了。感染的细胞极少见--1百万CD4 T细胞中有一个 - 我们并不知道如何识别出它们”。


HIV RNA 在转录过程中的对比研究

感染的细胞在收到某些刺激之前可能会休眠数十年,而在刺激后它们开始产生病毒颗粒。目前的抗逆转录病毒疗法(ARTs)不能杀死潜伏感染的细胞,也不能阻止它们重新激活。 ARTs最多可以将病毒控制在一定范围内,一旦病人停止服用药物通常会反弹。

“知道使这些潜伏感染的细胞保持沉默的机制将有助于我们开发一种治疗方法,以唤醒它们并杀死它们或永久性地使它们沉默,”Yukl说。 “直到弄清楚什么让他们潜伏前,我们仍无法治愈艾滋病毒。”

UCSF附属的格莱斯顿研究所的科学家以前开发了一种可以追踪克隆实验室CD4细胞内HIV的装置,使他们能够仔细检查HIV感染的整个过程。但是,由于实验室系统不一定能够显示人体内真正发生的事情,因此Yukl的研究小组开始检查18名HIV感染患者的细胞。

此前,研究人员认为源于潜伏期的CD4细胞无法将HIV DNA转化为病毒RNA。据认为,一些未知的细胞机制阻止了这种DNA到RNA转化过程的开始,这意味着虽然病毒DNA持续存在,但它从未被翻译成病毒蛋白质,从而引发身体免疫反应系统。

Yukl和他的同事们发现事实并非如此。使用针对病毒RNA不同区域的测试方法(基于扩增和定量方法,称为小滴数字PCR),他们检测到多个病毒RNA片段,这意味着将病毒DNA转化为RNA的过程至少开始在潜伏感染的细胞中。

这些RNA片段几乎全部是短而不完整的,这意味着转录过程在各个阶段停止。受感染的细胞不能转录出更长及可供剪接的病毒RNA。然而,当研究人员激活感染的T细胞时,这些转录问题被逆转了。


呈现碎片化的DNA转录

“这不是说细胞不制造病毒RNA,而是RNA没有完成,”Yukl说。为了唤醒潜伏细胞,需要进行完整的病毒转录过程,目前没有任何药物可以有效地完成这一过程。 “现在我们可以开始开发能使他们完成病毒RNA的药物,然后将其制成病毒蛋白质,以便身体识别并杀死感染的细胞”。

研究人员已经尝试过各种'延迟反转'药物,尽管它们尚未用于临床。在这项新研究中,研究人员发现,这些药物中的每一种都在制造病毒RNA的过程中以不同的步骤帮助细胞,因此可能需要它们的组合起来从而其完全激活CD4细胞。

“了解所有这些机制的好处之一是我们可以寻找新的药物或组合,并测试它们如何克服这些转录块,”Yukl说 “它提供了设计和评估新疗法的路线图”。

原始出处:

Steven A. Yukl,et al.HIV latency in isolated patient CD4+ T cells may be due to blocks in HIV transcriptional elongation,completion, and splicing.Sci Transl Med.28 Feb 2018:Vol. 10, Issue 430, eaap9927.

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    2018-12-25 bsmagic9140
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    2018-03-11 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-03-11 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

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艾滋病毒感染者的心血管疾病(CVD)风险升高,既有传统风险因素,也有非传统风险因素。目前已经建立的艾滋病毒相关CVD风险预测功能的准确性尚不确定。近期,一项发表在杂志Circulation上的研究旨在评估三个已建立的心血管疾病风险预测功能在艾滋病毒感染男性患者的纵向队列中的表现。研究者们将Framingham心脏研究(Framingham)的冠心病(Framingham CHD),动脉粥样硬化CV

艾滋病新疗法-基因疗法

十多年来,最强大的艾滋病药物也无法完全控制Matt Chappell的艾滋病毒感染。

J Antimicrob Chemother:HIV感染儿童 各种抗逆转录病毒药的CNS渗透比较

发表在《J Antimicrob Chemother》的一项由荷兰科学家进行的研究,考察了抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)在HIV感染儿童中的CNS渗透。

JCEM:HIV感染者过度肥胖和代谢功能障碍与RAAS活化期间利钠肽降低有关

众所周知利尿钠肽(NPs)对肾素 - 血管紧张素 - 醛固酮系统(RAAS)有负反馈作用,在维持心脏结构和维持代谢平衡方面起着关键作用。治疗良好的艾滋病毒感染者有脂肪重新分布的风险,并证明存在RAAS失调,这与代谢功能障碍有关。近日在JCEM上发表的一篇文章首次调查HIV感染者中与RAAS生理学和体成分指标有关的循环NPs。

J Manag Care Spec Pharm:药师管理ART依从性是给HIV患者增加还是减轻经济重担?

感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的患者早期治疗和持续治疗对健康至关重要。很不幸的是能够持续治疗的患者寥寥无几,经济上的问题可能是原因之一。2018年2月,发表在《J Manag Care Spec Pharm》的一项研究,对门诊中药剂师管理抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)依从性的临床和经济效果进行了考察。

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