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JAMA Network Open:胰岛素、磺脲类药物增加糖尿病心血管风险

2018-12-24 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

美国一项新的真实世界研究表明,使用胰岛素或磺脲类药物作为成人2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的二线治疗会增加心血管风险,而使用新型降糖药物则不然。

美国一项新的真实世界研究表明,使用胰岛素或磺脲类药物作为成人2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的二线治疗会增加血管风险,而使用新型降糖药物则不然。

基础胰岛素、磺脲类药物与血管危害密切相关

该研究纳入2011~2015年参加商业或医疗保险的优势健康保险计划的132 737例T2DM成人患者。所有患者均已开始使用二线降糖药物,主要与二甲双胍联用。研究对2017年1月~2018年10月的数据进行分析。

总体而言,5.5%的患者在开始使用二线药物治疗前有心血管疾病史。在处方的药物中,磺脲类药物占47.6%,DPP-4抑制剂占21.8%,基础胰岛素占12.2%,GLP-1激动剂占8.6%,TZDs占5.6%,SGLT2抑制剂占4.3%。由于DPP-4抑制剂对心血管结局具有中性的影响,因此将使用DPP-4抑制剂者作为对照组。主要终点为开始使用二线药物后首次发生心血管事件的时间,事件定义为因充血性心力衰竭、卒中、缺血性心脏病或周围动脉疾病住院。在169 384人年随访期间,共发生3480例事件。

与应用DPP-4抑制剂治疗相比,校正患者、处方医生以及健康计划特征后,磺脲类药物组发生复合心血管事件的风险增加36%(HR=1.36),基础胰岛素组则增加一倍以上(HR=2.03)。而且研究显示,在使用磺脲类药物和基础胰岛素治疗的所有个体中均观察到了心血管事件风险的相对增加,且敏感性分析仍显示如此。研究者指出,令人担忧的是,尽管研究观察到开始应用磺脲类药物和基础胰岛素对心血管有害,但全国性分析显示,60%的患者被处方了这两种药物。

新型降糖药在现实世界T2DM患者中未显示出危害或益处

与DPP-4抑制剂相比,应用GLP-1受体激动剂与校正后的复合心血管事件风险显著相关(HR=0.78;95%CI:0.63~0.96),但是在几个敏感度分析中这种益处未达统计学意义。

此外,应用SGLT2抑制剂(HR=0.81)或TZDs(HR=0.92)开始治疗后心血管事件发生率与DPP-4抑制剂相比也无显著差异。

研究人员指出,该研究可能是正在进行的随机试验GRADE研究(Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes:A Comparative Effectiveness study,GRADE)的补充,GRADE研究旨在比较在二甲双胍治疗基础上,磺脲类药物(格列美脲)、DPP-4抑制剂(西格列汀)、GLP-1激动剂(利拉鲁肽)和基础胰岛素(甘精胰岛素)的长期血糖疗效,但GRADE研究中未包括SGLT2抑制剂。

总之,研究人员指出,与新型降糖药物相比,他们的研究新发现引起了人们对磺脲类药物和基础胰岛素对心血管安全性的担忧,且研究提示,在初始二线药物治疗的患者中,较新型的降糖药物的短期心血管结局可能相似。因此,临床医生或许可以考虑在二甲双胍后常规处方GLP-1受体激动剂、DPP-4抑制剂或SGLT2抑制剂,而非磺脲类药物或基础胰岛素。

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    2019-11-22 baoya
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    2019-02-10 canlab
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    2018-12-26 feather89
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    2018-12-25 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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