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Guardian:口腔性行为与喉癌有关?

2013-06-08 Guardian 生物360

Michael Douglas: "because, without wanting to get too specific, this particular cancer is caused by HPV, which actually comes about from cunnilingus." 多年来,人们认为吸烟和饮酒是导致喉癌的主要危险因素。但是,周一,英国报纸《卫报》(Th

Michael Douglas: "because, without wanting to get too specific, this particular cancer is caused by HPV, which actually comes about from cunnilingus."

多年来,人们认为吸烟和饮酒是导致喉癌的主要危险因素。但是,周一,英国报纸《卫报》(The Guardian)报道,演员迈克尔·道格拉斯(Michael Douglas)认为自己的喉癌是因为口交时受到感染而引起的,这突显出了一个让很多科学家感到震惊的趋势。

68岁的道格拉斯之前曾推测,多年的吸烟和饮酒和他的疾病有关。他的发言人后来表示,虽然道格拉斯提到口交与癌症有关,但他并没有说自己的喉癌是由此引起的。然而,《卫报》援引道格拉斯的话说,“我不想多谈细节,这种癌症是由人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,缩写HPV)引起的,而它实际上源自为女性口交。”

的确,近年来,科学家发现由一种HPV病毒株所引发的喉癌数量急剧增加,而这种病毒株可以通过口交传播。这种被称作HPV16型的病毒也是导致很多女性得宫颈癌的原因。

20世纪80年代,只有少数喉癌病例与HPV感染有关。过去,得这种病的患者都是70多岁的老人,而且他们都大量吸烟或酗酒。

如今,所有喉癌病例中大约有70%都是由HPV引起的,而30年前,这个数据大概是15%。现在的病人往往是已经身为人夫或人父的中年男子,经济条件较好,不吸烟也不酗酒。男性被确诊罹患HPV相关喉癌的几率要比女性高三倍。

HPV的菌株有很多种,而且这种病毒十分常见,多数性活跃的成人早晚都会接触到它。多数人都能抵抗它的感染,不出现任何症状。但是,在极少数人身上,慢性感染会在舌根附近以及口腔后面的区域引发口咽癌。

医生说,由HPV引起的喉癌比抽烟所引起的喉癌更容易治疗。虽然这些癌症的发生率正在增加,但它仍然较少见,10万人中大概有3人会得这种病。研究尚未证明针对HPV的疫苗能够预防喉癌,但很多医生都对此坚信不疑。

癌症的出现通常是在首次感染HPV的几十年后,而且这种疾病的诊断也可能会针对患者的伴侣提出一些敏感的问题,他们会去考虑,自己的伴侣是如何感染的,而且还担心自己也会感染这种病毒。

“这是一种通过性来传播的病毒,所以这种疾病本身显然就会让我的病人与伴侣之间的讨论很尴尬,”罗伯特·I·哈达德(Robert I. Haddad)博士说。他在波士顿丹娜-法伯癌症研究所(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)的头部和颈部肿瘤学项目担任疾病中心负责人。

2009年,62岁的托尼·西莫特斯(Tony Simotes)得知在他的喉咙内有一个肿瘤,被诊断为口咽喉癌三期。西莫特斯既不抽烟也不喝酒。他和妻子露西(Lucy)在得知癌症与HPV有关时首先感到轻松了些,因为这提高了他可能被治愈的几率。

“但随后我的心开始忐忑不安,心想这是否对我也意味着什么呢?”50岁的露西说,“因为这种癌症来自于一种病毒,我说不定也携带了它。”

她说自己进行了一次巴氏试验,结果呈阴性。

马萨诸塞州莱诺克斯的莎士比亚剧团(Shakespeare & Company)艺术总监和总裁西莫特斯说,因为夫妻双方之前都曾结过婚,所以他们并不忌讳谈论癌症及其原因。“我们知道在我们见面之前都曾经历过丰富的生活,”他说,“现实情况就是有很多人携带病毒但没有受其影响。”

西莫特斯接受了化疗和放疗,他的癌症现在处于缓解期。

上周末,在美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology)的一次会议上展示的一项研究中,哈达德博士和其他研究者首次证明,患有HPV导致的喉癌者的性伴侣,其口腔感染HPV的几率并不比一般人高。这项研究对200多人进行了约1年的跟踪检查。

哈达德博士称,研究结果表明,配偶和长期性伴侣无需采取特殊的防护措施或改变其性行为。

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    2016-12-18 1e1b9a80m26(暂无匿称)

    接种HPV疫苗呀

    0

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    2015-10-11 hlycom3356

    感谢作者分享

    0

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    2015-10-11 hlycom3356

    感谢作者分享

    0

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    2013-06-10 xugc
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