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Cell Metab:模拟0碳水化合物饮食的药物能使人健康长寿?

2017-09-10 佚名 中国生物技术网

美国研究人员称,一种模拟零碳水化合物饮食的药物能够帮助人们更健康长寿,步入老年后还能保持更好的记忆力。

美国研究人员称,一种模拟零碳水化合物饮食的药物能够帮助人们更健康长寿,步入老年后还能保持更好的记忆力。

两项研究表明,将小鼠饮食中的碳水化合物去掉之后,小鼠寿命更长,在一系列生理和智力任务中都表现得比饮食正常的小鼠更好,基于这两项研究,科学家们希望开发出一种药物。

通常人们很难坚持这种饮食方式,所以研究人员正在开发一种能够为人类带来与上述研究中相同益处的物质。如果他们成功了,会使人类寿命平均延长7至10年,并且可以防止肌肉退化和记忆减退,这些都是老年人常见的症状。

加利福尼亚巴克衰老研究所的医师Eric Verdin说:“我对此感到非常兴奋,很难做到不继续对结果进行探究。这是相当深远的影响。”

零碳水化合物饮食的设计目的是使新陈代谢发生剧烈变化,研究人员使小鼠认为自己处于空腹状态。当食物中的碳水化合物被去掉,身体会不再使用葡萄糖作为主要能量来源,而是开始燃烧脂肪,在肝脏中生成酮体这种化学物质。

2013年,Verdin发现,一种名为BHB的酮体可以作为身体的能量来源,还可以保护动物免受在细胞中形成的微观损伤,这是自然衰老过程的一部分。

在这项发表在《Cell Metabolism》的新研究中,Verdin和同事们描述了研究过程,他们使用各种不同的饮食饲养一岁大的小鼠,包括正常的高碳水化合物饮食,高脂肪低碳水化合物饮食和高脂肪零碳水化合物饮食(生酮饮食)。他们发现,采用零碳水化合物饮食的小鼠到达老年后在记忆任务中的表现比其他小鼠更好。


图像来源:论文

加州大学圣地亚哥分校的科学家们进行的另一项研究也发现生酮饮食具有类似的益处。Megan Roberts发现,采用零碳水化合物饮食的小鼠寿命长13%,平均寿命1003天,而其他的小鼠平均寿命为886天。

虽然零碳水化合物饮食对小鼠有益,但还未在人身上得到验证。为了保证卡路里,小鼠饮食中含有90%的脂肪,而这对于人类来说是非常危险的。

Stephen O’Rahilly是剑桥大学代谢研究实验室的负责人,他说,高脂肪饮食会导致人类的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)或者说是“有害”胆固醇增多,从而导致心脏病风险增加。他说:“小鼠不使用LDL胆固醇,所以不会对小鼠造成影响。”

但是该研究还是非常有价值的。O’Rahilly补充说:“我们可以从这些研究中得知,这种饮食是通过什么途径来使小鼠在进入老年后保持健康的。但是为了适用于人类,我们必须想办法避免LDL胆固醇的负面影响。”

Verdin说,人们很难坚持这种饮食,所以他的团队想要找到一种能够模拟这种作用的药物。他们正在对一种能在身体中生成BHB的物质进行测试,希望该物质可以被作为一种补充剂。

Verdin说:“维持这种生活方式是很困难的。这是一种‘反人类’的饮食,因为你不能吃大部分好吃的东西。”

原始出处:Tognini P, Murakami M, Liu Y,  et al. Distinct Circadian Signatures in Liver and Gut Clocks Revealed by Ketogenic Diet. Cell Metab. 2017 Sep 5;26(3):523-538.e5.

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    2018-05-24 维他命
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    2018-01-10 guojianrong
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    2018-04-14 一闲
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    2017-09-12 yuanming9

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