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自测:乳腺癌早期的五大症状,早知早预防!

2017-04-14 张喵 华医网

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在中国的发病率也呈逐渐走高趋势。据推测,至2021年,中国乳腺癌患者数量将高达250万。乳腺癌最常见的早期临床表现是新发的乳腺肿块,那么除了肿块,乳腺癌还有哪些易被忽略的临床症状?

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在中国的发病率也呈逐渐走高趋势。据推测,至2021年,中国乳腺癌患者数量将高达250万。乳腺癌最常见的早期临床表现是新发的乳腺肿块,那么除了肿块,乳腺癌还有哪些易被忽略的临床症状?

1.乳头干燥、脱屑

如果乳头的皮肤突然变干燥,呈片状、鳞状的脱屑样外观,并向外扩散到乳晕和乳房,这可能是乳腺癌的早期迹象。但要注意,很多人只是皮肤干燥导致的类似症状,很快就能好转,但如果是此类症状持续不缓解,那就需要引起注意了。

2.腋窝区皮肤的淋巴结肿大

很多人都知道乳腺癌易向腋窝淋巴结转移。但有时候人们注意到了腋窝区有肿块但乳房上没有,会认为这不是癌而错过了最佳治疗时机。实际上,乳房本身的肿瘤可能会在自查时漏诊,因此对于有高危因素和到了一定年龄的女性,定期体检才是最可靠的办法。

3.血性乳头溢液

如果乳头出现了自发性的血性分泌物,往往是不正常的征象。通常会在内衣里发现,此时要提高警惕。

4.乳房皮肤凹陷

可以做这个动作来帮助自己自查:举起一侧手臂高过头顶使得胸肌收缩,此时观察这侧乳房部位的皮肤,如果看到酒窝一样的皮肤凹陷样改变,可能是个比较麻烦的迹象,一定要及时就医。

5.乳头回缩

如果你没有先天性的乳头回缩,而最近发现乳头缩回去了,这也可能是乳腺癌的早期临床表现。

除了早期发现、及时就医外,日常生活中我们能做些什么来预防乳腺癌?

1.了解自己的家族史

乳腺癌家族史会增加自己患病的概率,且患病亲属与自己的血缘关系越近、患乳腺癌的亲属数量越多,自己患病的风险就越高。如果你的母亲、姐姐或女儿患有乳腺癌,那么你自己患病的风险相较于常人几乎多了数倍,也就更要注意定期自查和体检。此外,了解家庭成员的健康状况也可以让医生对疾病有更全面的了解。

2.定期体检

定期体检是预防乳腺癌最有效的方式。研究表明,乳腺癌的筛查有助于减少40岁至74岁女性的乳腺癌相关死亡率,尤其对于超过50岁的女性。如果你的年龄在40岁以上,从来没有做过乳房的影像检查,一定不要再拖延了,一项简单的举动背后带来的是莫大的健康效应。

3.控制体重

超重或肥胖(尤其是绝经后的超重和肥胖)会增加患乳腺癌的几率,因此保持健康的体重也是预防乳腺癌的重要方法之一,它包括规律的体育锻炼、必要的饮食调整等全方面的管理

4.吸烟

戒烟不仅可以降低心脏病、肺癌的发病风险,也有助于预防乳腺癌。吸烟是明确的乳腺癌发病的危险因素。研究发现,吸烟特别是如果你开始吸烟的年龄比较早、在生育之前就有吸烟的习惯的话,会增加患浸润性乳腺癌的风险。从现在做出健康的转变还不算晚,戒烟从来都是获益最大的一项健康投资。

5.多吃花菜、紫甘蓝等蔬菜

吃健康蔬菜可能起到预防乳腺癌的作用,美国的一个营养协会的创始人Rachel Beller女士建议,日常生活中多摄取十字花科蔬菜,因为它们含有抗癌物质,这类蔬菜包括西兰花、花椰菜、卷心菜、紫甘蓝等。

6.多摄入膳食纤维

Beller女士还主张多摄入膳食纤维。有研究证据表明,每天摄入30g膳食纤维的女性,相较于膳食纤维摄入不足的女性患乳腺癌的风险降低了32%。日常生活中富含膳食纤维的食物有胡萝卜、燕麦、苹果、大麦、坚果、豆类等。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188973, encodeId=96551889e36e, content=可以啊,学习下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/19/f291939b85322d8f950d8654dbebea49.jpg, createdBy=f09b1604288, createdName=lxl1227, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 06:14:57 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188620, encodeId=69401886200f, content=推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 00:05:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188028, encodeId=c2bb1880281d, content=简单实用,不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2642041939, createdName=1571e9dd3fm, createdTime=Sun Apr 16 22:43:26 CST 2017, time=2017-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187722, encodeId=c05d18e722e0, content=很好的科普,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuCkPCv9CVFBmWOibyBArQwSeQLxvxz9OaumlaSUZjfCWTxbXduhuG2xCJUPs1nB9nd4gxZknH7IZj/0, createdBy=52281985209, createdName=damiao93, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 22:14:27 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187690, encodeId=31ac18e6909a, content=很好的科普材料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 15:24:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187658, encodeId=7b6118e65800, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 11:53:55 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-20 lxl1227

    可以啊,学习下

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188973, encodeId=96551889e36e, content=可以啊,学习下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/19/f291939b85322d8f950d8654dbebea49.jpg, createdBy=f09b1604288, createdName=lxl1227, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 06:14:57 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188620, encodeId=69401886200f, content=推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 00:05:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188028, encodeId=c2bb1880281d, content=简单实用,不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2642041939, createdName=1571e9dd3fm, createdTime=Sun Apr 16 22:43:26 CST 2017, time=2017-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187722, encodeId=c05d18e722e0, content=很好的科普,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuCkPCv9CVFBmWOibyBArQwSeQLxvxz9OaumlaSUZjfCWTxbXduhuG2xCJUPs1nB9nd4gxZknH7IZj/0, createdBy=52281985209, createdName=damiao93, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 22:14:27 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187690, encodeId=31ac18e6909a, content=很好的科普材料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 15:24:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187658, encodeId=7b6118e65800, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 11:53:55 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-19 䖝二

    推广

    0

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    2017-04-16 1571e9dd3fm

    简单实用,不错

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188973, encodeId=96551889e36e, content=可以啊,学习下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/19/f291939b85322d8f950d8654dbebea49.jpg, createdBy=f09b1604288, createdName=lxl1227, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 06:14:57 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188620, encodeId=69401886200f, content=推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 00:05:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188028, encodeId=c2bb1880281d, content=简单实用,不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2642041939, createdName=1571e9dd3fm, createdTime=Sun Apr 16 22:43:26 CST 2017, time=2017-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187722, encodeId=c05d18e722e0, content=很好的科普,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuCkPCv9CVFBmWOibyBArQwSeQLxvxz9OaumlaSUZjfCWTxbXduhuG2xCJUPs1nB9nd4gxZknH7IZj/0, createdBy=52281985209, createdName=damiao93, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 22:14:27 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187690, encodeId=31ac18e6909a, content=很好的科普材料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 15:24:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187658, encodeId=7b6118e65800, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 11:53:55 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-15 damiao93

    很好的科普,感谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188973, encodeId=96551889e36e, content=可以啊,学习下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/19/f291939b85322d8f950d8654dbebea49.jpg, createdBy=f09b1604288, createdName=lxl1227, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 06:14:57 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188620, encodeId=69401886200f, content=推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 00:05:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188028, encodeId=c2bb1880281d, content=简单实用,不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2642041939, createdName=1571e9dd3fm, createdTime=Sun Apr 16 22:43:26 CST 2017, time=2017-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187722, encodeId=c05d18e722e0, content=很好的科普,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuCkPCv9CVFBmWOibyBArQwSeQLxvxz9OaumlaSUZjfCWTxbXduhuG2xCJUPs1nB9nd4gxZknH7IZj/0, createdBy=52281985209, createdName=damiao93, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 22:14:27 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187690, encodeId=31ac18e6909a, content=很好的科普材料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 15:24:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187658, encodeId=7b6118e65800, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 11:53:55 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-15 医艺依意

    很好的科普材料

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188973, encodeId=96551889e36e, content=可以啊,学习下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/19/f291939b85322d8f950d8654dbebea49.jpg, createdBy=f09b1604288, createdName=lxl1227, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 06:14:57 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188620, encodeId=69401886200f, content=推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 00:05:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188028, encodeId=c2bb1880281d, content=简单实用,不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2642041939, createdName=1571e9dd3fm, createdTime=Sun Apr 16 22:43:26 CST 2017, time=2017-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187722, encodeId=c05d18e722e0, content=很好的科普,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuCkPCv9CVFBmWOibyBArQwSeQLxvxz9OaumlaSUZjfCWTxbXduhuG2xCJUPs1nB9nd4gxZknH7IZj/0, createdBy=52281985209, createdName=damiao93, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 22:14:27 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187690, encodeId=31ac18e6909a, content=很好的科普材料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 15:24:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187658, encodeId=7b6118e65800, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 11:53:55 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-15 dhzzm

    学习了分享了

    0

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