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慢性肺源性心脏病X线-CT病例影像诊断分析!

2018-05-29 佚名 影像园

女,61岁,咳嗽咳痰十余年,反复出现心悸、气促9年,加重两个月。

【病史临床

女,61岁,咳嗽咳痰十余年,反复出现心悸、气促9年,加重两个月。

【影像图片】

胸部CT平扫纵隔窗(图A)、肺窗(图B);胸部正位平片(图C)  



【影像表现】 

胸部CT平扫纵隔窗(图A)可见肺动脉主干及左右肺动脉主支明显增粗,肺窗(图B)示胸廓前后径增大,双肺透光度增加,肺纹理牵拉稀疏,并可见左下肺肺大泡形成。胸部正位X平片(图C)可见肺动脉段突出,右下肺动脉干明显增粗直径大于14 mm,周围肺野肺纹理稍稀疏,形成“残根征”。左心缘下段圆隆上翘。

诊断】 

慢性肺源性心脏病(根据患者多年慢支肺气肿的病史结合胸片和CT片可确诊)

【鉴别诊断
 
1.高血压性心脏病;2.风湿性心脏病;3.肺源性心脏病

【讨论】

慢性肺源性心脏病(Cor Pulmonale)多数是发生在慢性支气管炎或肺气肿的基础上引起肺循环阻力增高,肺动脉高压, 导致右心肥大, 伴有或不伴有心力衰竭。病程一般在10年以上,早期多表现为咳嗽、咳痰、气喘等肺部疾病的症状与体征, 晚期则出现循环与呼吸衰竭的征象。肺气肿表现为桶状胸, 心尖搏动减弱。叩诊呈过清音, 肺下界下移等体征。右心衰竭时有颈静脉怒张, 心率增快, 剑突下可听到奔马律及来自房室瓣(三尖瓣) 关闭不全的收缩期杂音, 肺动脉第二音亢进。肝大、腹水、下肢水肿等。
  
影像诊断要点

X线表现:慢性支气管炎可见双肺纹理增多、增粗、边缘模糊,以双下肺明显。肺气肿表现为肋骨走行水平, 肋间隙增宽,双肺透光度增加, 肺纹理纤细稀疏,双侧膈肌下降, 活动幅度小。肺动脉高压表现为肺动脉段凸出,左右肺动脉及其分支扩张, 以右下肺动脉第1分支最为明显,表现为后前位胸片自肺门角向下约1 cm处, 右下肺动脉直径大于15 mm为扩张的阳性指征。周围肺野动脉骤然变细,形成“残根征”。右心室肥厚,表现为左心缘下段圆隆上翘,但因常合并肺气肿,故心胸比例不大。晚期可见右心缘向右凸。
  
CT或MRI: 胸部CT肺窗示肺纹理稀疏、紊乱,肺部密度降低,并可合并肺大泡,胸廓前后径增大。纵隔窗示肺动脉主干和左右肺动脉主支明显增粗,肺动脉主干直径大于30mm。增强扫描可见右心室壁增厚,大于左心室壁厚度的1/2。MRI SE序列T1WI可见主肺动脉内出现血流高信号提示有肺动脉高压,增强可见右心室壁厚度大于5mm,可等于或超过左心室壁厚度,室间隔向左心室侧凸出,右心房亦可扩大,腔静脉扩张,晚期,左心房室亦扩张CRE序列MRI可见三尖瓣(收缩期)和肺动脉瓣(舒张期)的返流,同时可直观地反映右心室收缩和舒张的功能。
  
对于该病,X线平片、CT、MRI等影像表现是非特异的,必须结合病史及心肺功能的试验室检查方可确诊。 
 
【问题】 

Ture OR False?

1.X线平片(图C)可示主动脉结增大; 对: 错

2.X平片示肺动脉段突出; 对: 错

3.CT扫描肺窗(图C)示肺纹理增多,肺透光度降低; 对: 错

4.CT平扫纵隔窗(图A)示肺动脉主干及左右主支增粗。 对: 错

正确答案: 1:× 2:√ 3:× 4:√

关于该病例的影像叙述错误的是?

A.CT胸部扫描可见胸廓前后径变窄,肺透亮度降低,肺部以炎性渗出为主;
 
B.X平片上可见肺动脉段突出,肺动脉主干、左右主支明显扩大,周围肺野动脉骤然变细,形成残根征; 

C.CT胸部扫描可见胸廓前后径增宽,肺窗示肺透亮度增高,左肺还可见肺大泡形成; 

D.CT平扫纵隔窗示肺动脉主干及左右主要分支明显增粗。

正确答案:A

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    2018-05-31 易水河

    学习学习.知之为知之

    0

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    2018-05-31 piaojinhua
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952784, encodeId=be201952e8480, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6798215914' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺源性心脏病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82159, encryptionId=e6798215914, topicName=肺源性心脏病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b505306, createdName=医生2394, createdTime=Sat Jan 12 09:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783884, encodeId=71b91e8388468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=947f54e23d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CT病例#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5472, encryptionId=947f54e23d, topicName=CT病例)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Mon Mar 11 06:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320307, encodeId=441b32030efb, content=学习学习.知之为知之, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu May 31 19:08:32 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298015, encodeId=dfb9129801522, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c42d18892ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#X线#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18892, encryptionId=c42d18892ad, topicName=X线)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c64275, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Thu May 31 06:10:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1445586, encodeId=488a14455861e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=643e5031124' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#影像诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50311, encryptionId=643e5031124, topicName=影像诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erGh2JQt8g9L1dqpdLyJ7EDClYbBfjvngmKJ6Vn8jCDHuYvHH6ZLao7bSXVr4okhjNU9ojr0SZFxQ/132, createdBy=12ec5143276, createdName=12498fa0m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu May 31 06:10:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319797, encodeId=eec6319e977e, content=一起学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Wed May 30 00:06:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319696, encodeId=3bd331969688, content=学习了.获益匪浅., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 29 15:38:28 CST 2018, time=2018-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952784, encodeId=be201952e8480, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6798215914' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺源性心脏病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82159, encryptionId=e6798215914, topicName=肺源性心脏病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b505306, createdName=医生2394, createdTime=Sat Jan 12 09:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783884, encodeId=71b91e8388468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=947f54e23d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CT病例#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5472, encryptionId=947f54e23d, topicName=CT病例)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Mon Mar 11 06:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320307, encodeId=441b32030efb, content=学习学习.知之为知之, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu May 31 19:08:32 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298015, encodeId=dfb9129801522, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c42d18892ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#X线#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18892, encryptionId=c42d18892ad, topicName=X线)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c64275, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Thu May 31 06:10:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1445586, encodeId=488a14455861e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=643e5031124' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#影像诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50311, encryptionId=643e5031124, topicName=影像诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erGh2JQt8g9L1dqpdLyJ7EDClYbBfjvngmKJ6Vn8jCDHuYvHH6ZLao7bSXVr4okhjNU9ojr0SZFxQ/132, createdBy=12ec5143276, createdName=12498fa0m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu May 31 06:10:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319797, encodeId=eec6319e977e, content=一起学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Wed May 30 00:06:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319696, encodeId=3bd331969688, content=学习了.获益匪浅., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 29 15:38:28 CST 2018, time=2018-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-30 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

    0

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    2018-05-29 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    学习了.获益匪浅.

    0

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