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手术技术:尺骨冠突骨折的新型手术入路

2014-12-08 第五十七回 丁香园

目前已经有多种适用于显露尺骨冠突骨折的手术入路。最理想的手术入路应该是在不影响手术视野的情况下尽可能减少对周围组织的分离,从而降低术后异位骨化以及关节僵硬形成。 美国学者Shukla DR等通过一例冠突骨折病例介绍了一类新型手术入路。该患者为65岁女性,因摔伤导致其左尺骨冠突前内侧关节面骨折。查体发现患者伴肘关节顽固性后内侧不稳,即使在屈肘90°位也不能维持关节复位,因此对其采用手术治疗

目前已经有多种适用于显露尺骨冠突骨折的手术入路。最理想的手术入路应该是在不影响手术视野的情况下尽可能减少对周围组织的分离,从而降低术后异位骨化以及关节僵硬形成。

美国学者Shukla DR等通过一例冠突骨折病例介绍了一类新型手术入路。该患者为65岁女性,因摔伤导致其左尺骨冠突前内侧关节面骨折。查体发现患者伴肘关节顽固性后内侧不稳,即使在屈肘90°位也不能维持关节复位,因此对其采用手术治疗。

图1 (A)左肘关节侧位、(B)左肘关节前后位X片、以及(C、D)矢面位CT扫描图像均显示冠突骨折。

患者体位:

平卧位,患侧肩关节外展、屈肘各90°位,前臂置于McConnell肩关节托架上。

图2 手术体位,患者取仰卧位并将患肢置于McConnell前臂托架上。

皮肤切口:

从鹰嘴尖近端2cm处开始向远端沿尺骨嵴延伸4cm。

图3 肘关节后方皮肤切口示意图,自鹰嘴尖近端2cm处开始,并沿尺骨嵴向远端延伸4cm。

手术操作:

1、于皮下钝性小心分离,显露并游离出尺神经,但保持其原始位置不变;

图4 手术剥离平面示意图,骨膜下剥离以分离尺侧腕屈肌附着。找到尺神经并打开神经鞘,但保持其处于解剖位置不变。

2、沿尺骨嵴内侧从后向前剥离前臂屈肌旋前圆肌肌腹;辩认出断裂的肘关节内侧副韧带后束以及鹰嘴关节面内缘;

图5 本示意图显示牵开屈肌旋前圆肌以显露骨折的冠突和内侧副韧带(本例为内侧副韧带后束断裂)。A-MCL表示内侧副韧带前束,P-MCL表示内侧副韧带后束。

3、紧经尺骨骨质继续向前方分离显露尺骨冠突关节面前内侧部骨质,确认冠突骨折块;此时对肘关节施加内翻应力,可见明显的后内侧不稳;

图6 (A)术中内翻应力下可见PMRI,(B)PMRI得到恢复。PMRI:posteromedia rotatory instability,后内侧旋转不稳定

4、确定冠突处小骨折块并仔细予以解剖复位,以一枚细克氏针固定;直视下检查骨折复位情况,并以C臂透视确认其已得到解剖复位;

5、将Acumed冠突钢板压住骨折块并首先置入中心螺钉,然后旋转钢板至最终位置,保持骨折块解剖复位,斜向置入远端螺钉以加压固定骨折块;保留此前置入的克氏针加强固定;

图7 冠突钢板固定完成后修复内侧副韧带。

6、检查骨折复位情况,并再次进行后内侧应力试验检查肘关节稳定性,确认其稳定性已基本恢复;

图8 术中C臂透视证实骨折复位固定良好。

7、于肘关节内侧副韧带后侧束止点处钻孔并以PDS缝线修补断裂的内侧副韧带后侧束;

8、在C臂透视监测下再次行内翻应力试验证实肘关节稳定性恢复良好;以大量生理盐水冲洗伤口,于解剖位修复前臂屈肌旋前圆肌,并将尺神经置于其解剖位后缝合切口;

9、摄X片最终确认冠突骨折复位固定情况。

图9 术后X片证实冠突骨折复位良好,且在旋前、旋后及屈曲位下肘关节稳定性良好。

Shukla DR等指出,该手术入路是对传统Taylor-Scham入路的改良,其优点在于不象Taylor-Scham入路那样需要完全将屈肌旋前圆肌附着点剥离。而广泛的剥离会明显增加术后肘关节异位骨化的几率。

此外,减少屈肌旋前圆肌的剥离也会降低因牵拉导致尺神经意外损伤的风险,并且不象通过其它手术入路完成骨折复位内固定后一样需要将尺神经前置。但在必要时仍可通过延长手术切口更广泛地分离尺神经。


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    2017-04-29 1e10eabem79(暂无匿称)

    很好,以后手术可以进一番尝试

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191739, encodeId=3cb4191e39e1, content=很好,以后手术可以进一番尝试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5gJeAA33pg8XSpMyoXQLg4TTWfCC26g4ibkFFUdQVBtofBwAITTWib8S4f1bKDLaYsKVz2KtVfhLQJoia5mISjlibk/0, createdBy=28331949612, createdName=1e10eabem79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 29 08:55:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1674720, encodeId=b03816e47207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=536d4e340f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尺骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47340, encryptionId=536d4e340f5, topicName=尺骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=807e27108632, createdName=DEXTER3148, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 09:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027281, encodeId=d08e202e28113, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1875436e6d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术入路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54367, encryptionId=c1875436e6d, topicName=手术入路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Fri Apr 24 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980728, encodeId=c6b01980e28c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f554428a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54428, encryptionId=21f554428a6, topicName=手术技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 00:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20988, encodeId=e0b020988ba, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-17 DEXTER3148
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191739, encodeId=3cb4191e39e1, content=很好,以后手术可以进一番尝试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5gJeAA33pg8XSpMyoXQLg4TTWfCC26g4ibkFFUdQVBtofBwAITTWib8S4f1bKDLaYsKVz2KtVfhLQJoia5mISjlibk/0, createdBy=28331949612, createdName=1e10eabem79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 29 08:55:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1674720, encodeId=b03816e47207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=536d4e340f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尺骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47340, encryptionId=536d4e340f5, topicName=尺骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=807e27108632, createdName=DEXTER3148, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 09:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027281, encodeId=d08e202e28113, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1875436e6d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术入路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54367, encryptionId=c1875436e6d, topicName=手术入路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Fri Apr 24 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980728, encodeId=c6b01980e28c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f554428a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54428, encryptionId=21f554428a6, topicName=手术技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 00:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20988, encodeId=e0b020988ba, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191739, encodeId=3cb4191e39e1, content=很好,以后手术可以进一番尝试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5gJeAA33pg8XSpMyoXQLg4TTWfCC26g4ibkFFUdQVBtofBwAITTWib8S4f1bKDLaYsKVz2KtVfhLQJoia5mISjlibk/0, createdBy=28331949612, createdName=1e10eabem79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 29 08:55:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1674720, encodeId=b03816e47207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=536d4e340f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尺骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47340, encryptionId=536d4e340f5, topicName=尺骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=807e27108632, createdName=DEXTER3148, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 09:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027281, encodeId=d08e202e28113, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1875436e6d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术入路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54367, encryptionId=c1875436e6d, topicName=手术入路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Fri Apr 24 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980728, encodeId=c6b01980e28c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f554428a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54428, encryptionId=21f554428a6, topicName=手术技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 00:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20988, encodeId=e0b020988ba, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191739, encodeId=3cb4191e39e1, content=很好,以后手术可以进一番尝试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5gJeAA33pg8XSpMyoXQLg4TTWfCC26g4ibkFFUdQVBtofBwAITTWib8S4f1bKDLaYsKVz2KtVfhLQJoia5mISjlibk/0, createdBy=28331949612, createdName=1e10eabem79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 29 08:55:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1674720, encodeId=b03816e47207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=536d4e340f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尺骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47340, encryptionId=536d4e340f5, topicName=尺骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=807e27108632, createdName=DEXTER3148, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 09:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027281, encodeId=d08e202e28113, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1875436e6d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术入路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54367, encryptionId=c1875436e6d, topicName=手术入路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Fri Apr 24 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980728, encodeId=c6b01980e28c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f554428a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54428, encryptionId=21f554428a6, topicName=手术技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 00:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20988, encodeId=e0b020988ba, content=脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-12 x35042875

    脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别

    0

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