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Neurology :新冠之后,自身免疫性脑炎发病情况如何?

2021-10-15 Freeman MedSci原创

他们在2020年的COVID-19经验中偶尔遇到了AE的病例。

与严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)相关的各种神经系统疾病 (SARS-CoV-2)的感染COVID-19大流行期间已有报道。

然而与SARS-CoV-2相关的自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的频率尚不清楚。

在这项研究中,梅奥诊所的Cristina Valencia Sanchez,等人, 评估SARS-CoV-2抗体在患者血清中的频率。作为AE诊断评估的一部分,在明尼苏达州的梅奥诊所接受了神经抗体检测 2020年期间,在明尼苏达州罗切斯特的梅奥诊所接受神经抗体检测作为AE诊断评估的一部分,并报告COVID-19后发生的AE病例。

此外。他们还交叉参考了OVID-19脑病队列,以寻找符合AE 诊断标准。

他们使用FDA授权的化学发光法检测556名连续接受自身免疫性脑病神经IgG评估的梅奥诊所罗切斯特患者(实验室队列)的残余血清,检测针对SARS-CoV-2穗状糖蛋白的总抗体(2019年10月-2020年12月)。探究了SARS-CoV-2抗体结果为阳性且有研究同意书的患者的临床记录。该实验室队列与神经科的COVID相关咨询经验进行了交叉对比(脑病队列,n=31)。

他们发现:实验室队列中的18人(3%)为SARS-CoV-2抗体阳性(2020年4月至12月)。诊断结果为。AE (2);SARS CoV-2感染的急性后遗症[PASC] (3);COVID-19肺炎期间的中毒性代谢性脑病(2);各种非COVID-19相关的神经系统诊断(9);不可用(2)。

脑病队列中有5人有AE(16%,包括重叠的2个实验室队列病例),占2020年罗切斯特梅奥诊所诊断和护理的10384名任何COVID-19疾病患者的0.05%。这5名患者符合明确的(n=1)、可能的(n=1)或可能的(n=3)AE诊断标准;

症状发生的中位年龄为61岁(范围,46-63),3名是女性。所有5例都是神经性IgG阴性,4例检测的CSF中SARS-CoV-2 PCR/IgG指数阴性。表型(以及伴随的MRI和EEG结果)是多样的(谵妄[n=5],癫痫发作[n=2],菱形脑炎[n=1],失语[n=1],和共济失调[n=1])。

并没有发现ADEM病例。3名可能有AE的病人有自发缓解的综合征。一名明确的边缘性脑炎患者对免疫治疗有反应,但有残留的情绪和记忆问题。一名可能的自身免疫性菱形脑炎患者尽管接受了免疫治疗,但仍然死亡。其余26名脑病队列患者的诊断为毒性代谢性疾病。

这个研究中,他们在2020年的COVID-19经验中偶尔遇到了AE的病例。与COVID-19大流行期间的零星报告和小型病例系列一致,以及之前的感染后AE的经验,他们的病例有不同的临床表现,并且是神经IgG和CSF病毒颗粒阴性。
诊断标准的应用有助于将AE与系统性感染中产生的毒性代谢原因进行区分。


原文出处:
Sanchez CV, Theel E, Binnicker M, Toledano M, McKeon A. Autoimmune Encephalitis Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Case Frequency, Findings, and Outcomes. Neurology. Published online October 11, 2021:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012931. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012931

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    2022-06-10 yinhl1978
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    2021-10-16 1871fd9985m

    厉害

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