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CSMO 2014 :EGFR-TKI与NSCLC患者中枢神经系统转移

2014-07-15 北京协和医院 王孟昭 陈闽江 医学论坛网

在7月4日的第八届中国肿瘤内科大会上,北京协和医院的王孟昭介绍了EGFR-TKI与NSCLC患者中枢神经系统转移。 肺癌是目前世界上导致肿瘤相关死亡的首要原因,严重威胁人类健康。其中,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占70%-80%,且80%的NSCLC患者在诊断时即处于疾病晚期(IIIb-IV期)。脑转移是晚期非小细胞肺癌常见的转移部位,约10-25% 患者诊断时即存在中枢神经系统(CNS

在7月4日的第八届中国肿瘤内科大会上,北京协和医院的王孟昭介绍了EGFR-TKI与NSCLC患者中枢神经系统转移。

肺癌是目前世界上导致肿瘤相关死亡的首要原因,严重威胁人类健康。其中,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占70%-80%,且80%的NSCLC患者在诊断时即处于疾病晚期(IIIb-IV期)。脑转移是晚期非小细胞肺癌常见的转移部位,约10-25% 患者诊断时即存在中枢神经系统(CNS)转移,在治疗中,40-50%患者出现中枢神经系统转移。随着近年来治疗手段的进展,NSCLC患者的生存时间普遍延长,脑转移的发生率也随之增加。中枢神经系统转移严重影响患者的生存时间和生活质量,出现脑转移后患者的中位生存时间为3-6月,其中未治疗患者的中位生存时间仅4-11周。

中枢神经系统转移主要包括脑转移和脑膜转移,通常表现为颅内压增高的症状,如恶心、呕吐、头痛等;脑转移的部位因为通常位于脑白质和灰质交界区,可出现某一功能区的功能异常,如单肢运动或感觉异常、走路不稳等;脑膜转移则可出现脑膜刺激症状。脑转移目前的主要诊断方法是头部增强MRI发现脑实质异常影像,脑膜转移的主要诊断方法是头部增强MRI提示软脑膜异常增厚或CSF中找到肿瘤细胞。除应用脱水药物、激素以及抗癫痫药物治疗之外,可选择的治疗包括手术、放疗、化疗等,其中全脑放疗仍是治疗晚期NSCLC脑转移的最主要手段。近年来,多项研究表明,EGFR-TKIs例如吉非替尼、厄洛替尼在NSCLC中枢神经系统转移患者的治疗中有良好的效果。

EGFR-TKI治疗中出现孤立CNS转移是否提示EGFR-TKI耐药

CNS中药物浓度低于血浆浓度,因此有学者提出EGFR-TKI治疗中出现孤立CNS进展并不是EGFR-TKI耐药,而是药物不能穿透BBB。临床上也观察到对于这些患者可以在头部放疗后继续使用EGFR-TKI,患者仍可以受益。

那么EGFR-TKI治疗中出现孤立CNS转移是否提示EGFR-TKI耐药呢?从EGFR-TKI的药物代谢来分析,脑组织中的游离浓度大约可以达到血浆游离浓度的50%,CSF的浓度为血浆游离浓度的20%,因此孤立CNS进展也应该提示疾病对EGFR-TKI耐药,特别是脑转移病灶的进展。事实上EGFR-TKI治疗中出现其他孤立部位的进展,加上局部治疗也有效。EGFR-TKI治疗中出现孤立CNS转移提示了EGFR-TKI耐药,或者很快会出现耐药。

NSCLC CNS转移的综合治疗

NSCLC CNS转移的治疗要考虑多种因素,包括是否头部放疗, EGFR基因突变情况、是否接受过EGFR-TKI,颅外病变情况, 中枢神经系统的症状等。头部放疗仍然是脑转移的标准治疗,需要控制CNS症状时一定要考虑放疗,甚至可以考虑二次放疗。EGFR-TKI的使用一定要考虑EGFR基因突变情况,对有敏感突变的患者疗效好。部分患者CNS症状和颅外症状均很明显时要考虑EGFR-TKI合并头部放疗或化疗联合头部放疗。

近期,多个临床研究也表明TKI联合放疗可取得良好疗效。一项I期临床研究结果表明,放疗联合厄洛替尼治疗NSCLC脑转移安全有效,且不增加神经系统不良反应。脑膜转移患者的预后较差,如果增强MRI提示增强的软脑膜主要位于颅内,可以考虑放疗,如果患者EGFR基因有敏感突变,可以考虑EGFR-TKI,但疗效均差于脑转移。

EGFR-TKI对于NSCLC中枢神经系统转移,特别存在EGFR基因突变的患者是一种有效的治疗手段。

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    2015-03-14 liuhuangbo
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    2014-08-18 jklm09
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    2014-07-17 lsj628
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    2014-07-17 liuyiping
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