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Nat Med:阻断线粒体中特殊蛋白的聚集或可有效治疗多种神经变性疾病

2016-08-06 佚名 生物谷

图片摘自:www.entwellbeing.com.au肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种破坏运动神经细胞的进行性疾病,患者通常会慢慢失去控制肌肉运动的能力,最终无法开口讲话、吃饭、移动或者呼吸;同时研究者还在某种特定类型的痴呆症中也发现了隐藏在肌萎缩侧索硬化症背后的细胞机制。近日刊登在Nature Medicine杂志上的一项研究报告中,来自美国凯斯西储大学(Case Western Reserv

图片摘自:www.entwellbeing.com.au

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种破坏运动神经细胞的进行性疾病,患者通常会慢慢失去控制肌肉运动的能力,最终无法开口讲话、吃饭、移动或者呼吸;同时研究者还在某种特定类型的痴呆症中也发现了隐藏在肌萎缩侧索硬化症背后的细胞机制。近日刊登在Nature Medicine杂志上的一项研究报告中,来自美国凯斯西储大学(Case Western Reserve University)的研究人员通过研究发现,RNA结合蛋白或许会引发ALS疾病的进展。

细胞中的RNA会携带DNA制造蛋白质的指令,文章中研究者发现了名为TDP-43的罪魁祸首,TDP-43是一种可以结合到新生成的RNA小块碎片上的蛋白质,其可以帮助这些碎片围绕着神经细胞核内部来回穿梭,本文研究也首次描述了蛋白质TDP-43在神经细胞内错位引发的后果,同时研究者发现,纠正TDP-43的错位或许就可以恢复神经细胞的功能,而且神经细胞中TDP-43位置的错乱是ALS及其它神经性障碍疾病发生的标志,对诸如阿尔兹海默氏症等疾病常见分子机制的阐明对于加速开发新型广泛性疗法将提供较大帮助。

为了寻找错位的TDP-43蛋白,研究者在高倍显微镜下对来自因ALS或额颞痴呆死亡患者捐献的神经细胞进行观察分析,随后他们发现TDP-43蛋白聚集于神经细胞的线粒体中,而线粒体是为神经细胞供能的主要细胞器,通过物理性地移除受影响的线粒体,研究人员就可以在亚细胞结构下揭示TDP-43蛋白所处的精确位置了,同时他们能够对易于发生错位的蛋白质的特性进行描述。

研究者Xinglong Wang说道,利用多种方法,我们就发现,线粒体内膜面对的基质或许是线粒体的TDP-43蛋白的主要位点,而且线粒体或许也是多种神经变性疾病患者机体死亡神经元中TDP-43的聚集位点。一旦处于线粒体中,TDP-43就会重新发挥其RNA的结合作用并且将其吸附至线粒体的遗传物质上,而这就会干扰线粒体为细胞产生能量的过程;如今研究小组精确鉴别出了线粒体中的RNA同TDP-43紧密联系,同时还观察到了线粒体蛋白复合物的分解过程,该研究或为深入阐明神经细胞内部TDP-43错位产生的后果,以及深入研究一系列神经变性疾病的发病机制提供了新的线索。

长期以来研究者认为编码TDP-43的基因和神经变性疾病(ALS等)存在一定联系,本文研究中研究者Wang及其同时发现,TDP-43疾病相关的突变可以增强其在神经细胞内部的错位,同时研究者还鉴别出了被线粒体所识别的TDP-43部分,而且该部分还可以作为一种新型疗法的靶点,通过阻断该部分结构就可以有效抑制TDP-43在线粒体中集中,更重要的是,利用一种可以被神经细胞毒性及疾病进展完全抑制的小型蛋白,研究者就可以使得TDP-43蛋白不进入神经细胞的线粒体中。

这项研究首次提出了一种新概念,即抑制TDP-43在线粒体中的集中固定或许就足以抑制TDP-43相关的神经变性疾病了,靶向作用线粒体中的TDP-43或许就可以帮助开发治疗ALS、额颞痴呆及其它TDP-43相关的神经变性疾病的新型疗法。如今研究者已经开发出了可以抑制TDP-43进入神经细胞线粒体中的小型蛋白,后期研究者还将通过更为深入的研究来探究这种小型蛋白的作用机制。

原始出处

Wenzhang Wang, Luwen Wang, Junjie Lu, Sandra L Siedlak, Hisashi Fujioka, Jingjing Liang, Sirui Jiang, Xiaopin Ma, Zhen Jiang, Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha, Max Sheng, Heewon Choi, Paul H Lerou, Hu Li & Xinglong Wang.The inhibition of TDP-43 mitochondrial localization blocks its neuronal toxicity.Nat Med.2016

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    2017-03-28 heli0118
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    2017-03-31 仁心济世
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    2016-08-08 huangdf
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