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Cell:CLP1 突变能引发罕见神经系统疾病

2014-04-28 MedSci MedSci原创

日前,两个独立的研究团队发现,特定基因上的突变会引发一种影响外周和中枢神经系统的新遗传疾病。研究显示,这种突变会干扰 tRNA 的生成,使神经元前体细胞更容易凋亡。这两篇论文于 4 月 24 日发表在Cell杂志上。   研究人员对大量患有神经系统疾病的家庭进行了 DNA 测序,并由此发现了一种以头围减小、感知和运动能力受损为特征的疾病。这种疾病是 CLP1 基因突变引起的,该基

日前,两个独立的研究团队发现,特定基因上的突变会引发一种影响外周和中枢神经系统的新遗传疾病。研究显示,这种突变会干扰 tRNA 的生成,使神经元前体细胞更容易凋亡。这两篇论文于 4 月 24 日发表在Cell杂志上。
 
研究人员对大量患有神经系统疾病的家庭进行了 DNA 测序,并由此发现了一种以头围减小、感知和运动能力受损为特征的疾病。这种疾病是 CLP1 基因突变引起的,该基因负责调控细胞中的 tRNA 代谢。研究人员认为,解析这一罕见疾病的发病机制,将有助于治疗一些更常见的神经学疾病。
https://img.medsci.cn/webeditor/uploadfile/201404/20140428220221213.jpg
 
加州大学的 Joseph Gleeson 教授表示:“将这两项研究放在一起我们可以看到,如果完全以患者症状或临床表现来定义疾病,是很难将这种新遗传病区分出来的。在我们明确了致病基因之后,就看到了患者之间的共同特征。这与传统的疾病定义模式完全相反,代表了医学领域的一个转变。”
     
研究人员发现,携带 CLP1 基因突变的儿童表现出类似的症状,例如大脑畸形、智力障碍、癫痫、感知和运动缺陷等。奥地利科学院的 Josef Penninger 表示:“解析调控神经元退化的基础通路,就可以对其加以调整,在肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)等疾病中保护运动神经元。”

CLP1 蛋白对于 tRNA 的生成非常重要,这种分子负责将氨基酸运送到核糖体,以便装配成为蛋白。人们知道,影响 tRNA 生产的突变与人类神经系统疾病有关,例如脑桥小脑发育不全(PCH)。PCH这是一种目前还无法治愈的儿童神经退行性疾病。

DNA 测序显示,有七个家庭携带同样的 CLP1 突变,而这一突变与运动缺陷、语言障碍、癫痫、脑萎缩和神经元死亡有关。这是首次揭示 CLP1 在人类疾病中的作用。
 
研究人员发现, CLP1 突变干扰了 tRNA 的生成,使大脑中的神经元前体细胞(或干细胞)更容易凋亡。基因突变让神经元前体细胞(或干细胞)对凋亡通路更为敏感,这是神经生物学领域中的一个新概念。研究人员认为,人们需要重新审视那些可能归入这一范畴的疾病,例如 ALS。

AMC 的 Frank Baas 指出, CLP1 突变引起的疾病是一种新型的PCH。他说:“鉴定这种疾病中的遗传因素,可以帮助我们做出更准确的诊断,为患儿家庭提供更好的帮助。”去年有研究鉴定了一种严重PCH中的基因突变, 并向人们展示一种营养补充剂有望预防或逆转这种疾病。

在去年Nature上,也发表类似文章认为CLP1通过tRNA影响运动神经元的功能。

原始出处:
Ender Karaca, Stefan Weitzer, Davut Pehlivan, Hiroshi Shiraishi, Tasos Gogakos, Toshikatsu Hanada, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Wojciech Wiszniewski, Marjorie Withers, Ian M. Campbell, Serkan Erdin, Sedat Isikay, Luis M. Franco, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Tomasz Gambin, Violet Gelowani, Jill V. Hunter, Gozde Yesil, Erkan Koparir, Sarenur Yilmaz, Miguel Brown, Daniel Briskin, Markus Hafner, Pavel Morozov, Thalia A. Farazi, Christian Bernreuther, Markus Glatzel, Siegfried Trattnig, Joachim Friske, Claudia Kronnerwetter, Matthew N. Bainbridge, Alper Gezdirici, Mehmet Seven, Donna M. Muzny, Eric Boerwinkle, Mustafa Ozen, Baylor Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Tim Clausen, Thomas Tuschl, Adnan Yuksel, Andreas Hess, Richard A. Gibbs, Javier Martinez, Josef M. Penninger, James R. Lupski Human CLP1 Mutations Alter tRNA Biogenesis, Affecting Both Peripheral and Central Nervous System Function
PDF (4.6 MB) | Extended PDF (8.6 MB) | Download Images(.ppt)|

相关出处:
Hanada T, Weitzer S, Mair B, Bernreuther C, Wainger BJ, Ichida J, Hanada R, Orthofer M, Cronin SJ, Komnenovic V, Minis A, Sato F, Mimata H, Yoshimura A, Tamir I, Rainer J, Kofler R, Yaron A, Eggan KC, Woolf CJ, Glatzel M, Herbst R, Martinez J, Penninger JM.CLP1 links tRNA metabolism to progressive motor-neuron loss.Nature. 2013 Mar 28;495(7442):474-80.

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    2014-06-11 维他命
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    2015-03-28 仁心济世
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    2014-05-16 Homburg
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    2014-04-30 syscxl

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美国一项新研究发现,出生后的第一周是小鼠嗅觉能否正常形成的一个关键期,这项成果朝着解开嗅觉之谜迈出了一步。 这项研究发表在新一期美国《科学》杂志上。研究负责人、斯托尔斯医学研究所助理研究员俞从容说,嗅觉神经细胞是哺乳动物唯一能够再生的神经细胞。他们利用小鼠的研究表明,虽然嗅觉神经细胞可再生,但能否准确地嗅出味道,出生后的第一周是关键。 俞从容说,所有的感觉器官都通过受体感受外来的刺

PSPB:爱浪漫的女人不想学术

布法罗大学的研究者进行的新研究发现,当一个女性向往浪漫的情景时,她就会让她自己和科学、技术、工程、数学(STEM)有关的活动保持距离。每日科学(ScienceDaily)对此研究进行了报道。 这个实验由美国国家科学基金会提供了部分赞助,为的是确定为什么女性在过去几十年里可以在教育界和制造业做出巨大贡献,却仍然没有成功到达STEM的顶峰。 研究者发现,“每天追求浪漫对女性在数学和科学态度上的影响

PLOS ONE:越爱玩游戏的人越擅长做决策

与玩电子游戏所谓弊端有关的负面消息如此之多,偶然发现一些显示其潜在巨大优点的研究总是会令人意外。一项新研究恰恰起到了这个效果——它展示频繁玩电子游戏与“皮质层厚度”增加呈现出相关性,“皮质厚度”是一个神经科学词汇,厚度越大意味着特定脑部区域密度越大。 研究人员研究了152位青少年的脑部,其中包括男性和女性,这些人平均每周玩大约12.6个小时电子游戏。不出意料,男性玩游戏的平均时间长于女性,不过所

Neuron:科学家提出记忆保留机制新框架

来自美国萨克研究所(Salk Institute)开发出一种新的记忆模型,能解释人们在经历一次事件后的几小时里,神经元是怎样选择性地保留记忆的。 这一新框架提供了关于记忆机制的更完整过程,有助于人们进一步理解帕金森式症、老年痴呆症、外伤后抑郁、学习障碍等紊乱性疾病。相关论文发表在最近出版的《神经元》(Neuron)杂志上。 萨克研究所 Francis Crick 主席、霍华德·休斯医学研究所研

NRR:在体短距离细小神经记录复合神经动作电位的更佳方法

在体周围神经记录复合神经动作电位的研究很少,尤其在体短距离细小神经记录复合神经动作电位尚未见有研究报道。中国复旦大学华山医院的劳杰教授与华山医院肌电图室合作多次探索进行预实验记录复合神经动作电位,不仅发现了记录的最佳方法,而且发现了小的不同电极之间的距离对复合神经动作电位参数有明显影响。实验在完全游离大鼠正中神经后,难以记录到复合神经动作电位,但保留神经中部系膜,将地线置于系膜下,两端放置记录和刺

Sleep:同床“异”梦

在迄今为止的大多数噩梦综合研究中,研究人员发现男性更可能梦到关于大灾难的噩梦,比如洪水、地震或者被大群的昆虫追逐。女性的噩梦都是关于社会矛盾和人际关系的,比如恐惧伤心或者失去友谊,而不是人身伤害。 据报道称,5% 到 6% 的人群会做噩梦。蒙特利尔大学的一位心理学家 Genevieve Robert 博士声称,男性的噩梦更可能含有灾难和灾祸的主题。与此同时,人际冲突的梦境可能引发女性更强烈的情绪

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