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盘点:近期冠状动脉疾病亮点研究一览

2016-09-03 MedSci MedSci原创

美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)近日批准了首个完全生物可吸收支架用于治疗冠状动脉疾病。这款由雅培(Abbott)开发的支架名为Absorb GT1 BVS(生物可吸收血管支架系统),可释放药物依维莫司(everolimus) 来限制疤痕组织的生长,并且可在大约3年的时间内被人体完全吸收。根据美国国家心肺血液研究所(NHLBI)数据,在美国有1500万人患有冠状动脉疾病,每年由该病导致的死亡病例多

美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)近日批准了首个完全生物可吸收支架用于治疗冠状动脉疾病。这款由雅培(Abbott)开发的支架名为Absorb GT1 BVS(生物可吸收血管支架系统),可释放药物依维莫司(everolimus) 来限制疤痕组织的生长,并且可在大约3年的时间内被人体完全吸收。

根据美国国家心肺血液研究所(NHLBI)数据,在美国有1500万人患有冠状动脉疾病,每年由该病导致的死亡病例多达37万例。Absorb GT1 BVS的获批,将为计划接受血管成形术并倾向可吸收支架的冠状动脉疾病患者群体提供一种新的治疗选择。

Absorb GT1 BVS由一种生物可降解聚合物(聚L-乳酸)制成,这种材料与生产其他类型可吸收医用设备材料(如缝线)所采用的材料类似。在体内,Absorb GT1 BVS会逐渐被机体吸收,只在动脉壁内残留下4个很小的铂标记物,以帮助医生确定Absorb GT1 BSV原本的安置位置。(文章详见--重磅!FDA批准全球首个完全生物可吸收支架Absorb GT1 BVS治疗冠状动脉疾病

【1】Lancet:生物可吸收血管支架在冠状动脉疾病患者中应用1年的效果

金属药物洗脱支架相比,生物可吸收血管支架(BVS)具有改善经皮冠状动脉介入长期结果的可能性。这些设备是否在植入后第一年内和药物洗脱支架一样是安全和有效的并不为人所知。

研究人员做了一项四项随机试验的患者级,汇集荟萃分析,其中3389例稳定性冠状动脉疾病或稳定的急性冠脉综合征患者被招募于北美,欧洲,以及亚太地区的301个学术和医疗中心。这些患者被随机分配接受依维莫司洗脱吸收BVS(n=2164)或Xience钴铬依维莫司洗脱支架(CoCr-EES;n=1225)。主要终点是以患者为导向的复合终点1年相对率(全因死亡,所有心肌梗死或全部血运重建)和设备的靶病变失败(心源性死亡,靶血管相关心肌梗死或缺血导致的靶病变血运重建)。所有分析都是通过意向性治疗获得的。

在这个荟萃分析中,与CoCr-EES相比,在1年的随访时,BVS并没有导致以患者为导向和以设备为导向的不良事件发生的概率不同。(文章详见--Lancet:生物可吸收血管支架在冠状动脉疾病患者中应用1年的效果

【2】NEJM:ANGPTL4突变与冠状动脉疾病风险相关

甘油三酯(TG)高于正常水平是缺血性心血管疾病的一个危险因素。脂蛋白脂酶能减少甘油三酯水平,而血管生成素样蛋白4(ANGPTL4)能抑制脂蛋白脂酶的活性都已被证明。

研究人员在75名参与者中确定了E40K变异的1661个杂合子和17个纯合子,这75名参与者有其他13个ANGPTL4基因失活性突变。E40K变异体携带者比非携带者的甘油三酯的水平低了13%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)水平高了7%。E40K变异体携带者比非携带者更不可能发生冠状动脉疾病(比值比,0.81;95%置信区间,0.70到0.92;P = 0.002)。K40纯合子比杂合子有显著的低水平甘油三酯和高水平高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。与非携带者相比,其他的失活突变携带者也有较低的甘油三酯水平和较高的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,并且不太可能有冠状动脉疾病。单克隆抗体抑制ANGPTL4在老鼠和猴子中对甘油三酯水平的降低作用。

结论:与非携带者相比,ANGPTL4的E40K变异或其它失活性突变携带者有较低的甘油三酯水平和较低的冠状动脉疾病风险。在小鼠和猴子的动物实验中,ANGPTL4的抑制作用出现了相应减轻。(文章详见--NEJM:ANGPTL4突变与冠状动脉疾病风险相关

【3】Prev Med:FRE模型联合基线抑郁状态预测女性冠状动脉疾病风险

目前抑郁症被广泛认为是冠心病(CHD)的独立和强大的预测因素,但在正式的风险评估中很少考虑。本研究评估使用Framingham风险方程模型量化抑郁症是否可以提高预测女性样本冠状动脉疾病10年发病风险的准确度。

ROC曲线分析显示,FRE模型联合基线抑郁状态可提高FRE预测10年冠心病发病率的总体准确度。(AUC 0.75,特异性0.77,灵敏度0.70),原来的FRE模型(AUC 0.75,特异性 0.73,灵敏度 0.67)。然而当校正原始FRE模型后,与真实妇女心血管事件相比,FRE联合基线抑郁状态模型轻度高估了妇女10年冠心病发病时间的预测事件数量。

结论,FRE联合抑郁状态可提高预测女性冠心病事件10年发生率的总体准确度,然而总体估计值轻度高于实际发生事件数量。这个工具有潜力发展为一种全新的女性心血管风险计算方法。(文章详见--Prev Med:FRE模型联合基线抑郁状态预测女性冠状动脉疾病风险

【4】JACC:CABG可显著降低非糖尿病多支冠状动脉疾病患者的死亡率

在多支冠状动脉疾病(CAD)糖尿病患者中,冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)相比,患者接受CABG后的生存受益多一些。不过,在非糖尿病患者中2种方法之间的死亡率差异数据很少。

研究人员进行了一项患者水平的荟萃分析,比较了1275例非糖尿病多支CAD患者接受CABG vs 药物洗脱支架的PCI对长期死亡率的影响。

中位随访时间为61个月(四分范围:50个月〜62个月)。CABG组比PCI组的任何原因引起的死亡风险显著降低(危险比[HR]:0.65; 95%可信区间(CI):0.43至0.98; P=0.039)。心脏原因的引起的死亡风险也有类似的发现。对于主要临床亚组,CABG优于PCI是一致的。同样,CABG后心肌梗死率较PCI后明显降低(HR:0.40; 95%CI:0.24至0.65; P<0.001)。但是,2组的卒中率没有差异(HR:1.13; 95%CI:0.59至2.17; P=0.714)。CABG组需要再次血运重建概率比PCI组显著降低(HR:0.55; 95%CI:0.40至0.75; P<0.001)。

与药物洗脱支架PCI相比,CABG显著减少了非糖尿病多支冠脉病变的患者死亡率的长期风险。(文章详见--JACC:CABG可显著降低非糖尿病多支冠状动脉疾病患者的死亡率

【5】Clin Nutr:饮酒与冠状动脉疾病严重程度研究

小到适量的酒精摄入量可能会对心血管起保护作用,本研究旨在评估饮酒和冠状动脉疾病的严重程度之间的关联。

最后的样本包括363名成年人,其中228(62.81%)是男性。平均年龄为60.5±10.9岁。未经调整的分析发现,性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和酒精摄入是与FS相关的主要变量。适度饮酒与不喝酒的患者比较,FS也更低(RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.79-0.95)。

结论:在接受冠状动脉造影检查的可疑冠状动脉疾病患者中,与酗酒相比,适度饮酒与更低的冠状动脉疾病严重程度有关。(文章详见--Clin Nutr:饮酒与冠状动脉疾病严重程度研究

【6】NEJM:冠状动脉疾病,药物洗脱支架OR裸金属支架

目前关于药物洗脱支架和裸金属支架在死亡率、心肌梗塞、再次血管重建、支架内血栓和生活质量方面的长期效果的研究数据尚少。

研究人员纳入9013名患有稳定或不稳定冠状动脉疾病的患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)植入了药物洗脱支架或裸金属支架。

治疗后第6年,药物洗脱支架组和裸金属支架组主要研究结果的发生率分别为16.6%和17.1%(风险比为0.98,95%可信区间为0.88-1.09,P=0.66)。在主要研究结果方面,两组之间没有显著的组间差异。药物洗脱支架组和裸金属支架组,再次血管重建的6年率分别为16.5%和19.8%(风险比为0.76,95%可信区间为0.69-0.85,P<0.001);发生支架内血栓的比率分别为0.8%和1.2%(P=0.0498)。两组之间生活质量没有显著差别。

研究表明,在行PCI治疗的患者中,在全因死亡和非致命的自发性心肌梗死的复合结果方面,植入药物洗脱支架和裸金属支架并没有显著差别。药物洗脱支架组发生再次血管重建的几率较低。(文章详见--NEJM:冠状动脉疾病,药物洗脱支架OR裸金属支架

【7】NEJM:非冠状动脉疾病引起的症状性收缩性心力衰竭预防性植入ICD并不会降低长期死亡率

在此随机对照试验中,共纳入了556名非冠心病引起的症状性心力衰竭(左室射血分数,≤35%)患者接受ICD,560名患者接受常规护理(对照组)。在这两组中,58%的患者接受CRT。主要研究结果是全因死亡。次要研究结果是心源性猝死和心血管死亡。

结果,中位随访67.6个月后,ICD组120名(21.6%)患者和对照组131名(23.4%)患者达到了主要结果(风险比,0.87;95%可信区间,0.68-1.12;P = 0.28)。ICD组24名(4.3%)患者发生了心源性死亡,对照组46名(8.2%)(风险比,0.50;95% CI,0.31-0.82;P = 0.005)。ICD组27名(4.9%)患者发生设备相关的感染,对照组20名(3.6%)(P = 0.29)。

在这项试验中,对于非冠状动脉疾病引起的症状性心力衰竭的患者来说,与常规治疗相比,预防性植入ICD并不能显著降低长期全因死亡率。(文章详见--NEJM:非冠状动脉疾病引起的症状性收缩性心力衰竭预防性植入ICD并不会降低长期死亡率

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112422, encodeId=c13d112422c7, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 16:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112365, encodeId=d54711236586, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e291719269, createdName=大旺旺, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111470, encodeId=91301114e005, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e291719269, createdName=大旺旺, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 13:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111452, encodeId=1aa4111452d5, content=收藏先, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160814/IMG57B04B04A03228221.jpg, createdBy=622a1684503, createdName=蜗小牛的天空, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 12:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252879, encodeId=c50112528e996, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=463230886b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状动脉疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30886, encryptionId=463230886b8, topicName=冠状动脉疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111072, encodeId=5a5a1110e2ce, content=学习了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111054, encodeId=28a7111054a0, content=学习了,好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 06:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111011, encodeId=df3b11101131, content=分享快乐?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRrYOibkVibW9vAkCfb2F55aHjqMoqUVaF9fuXIMCxexawSOsicpbF7Ria7o54zPK65PodlkwhPrNhLhS/0, createdBy=12f71314239, createdName=ann y, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 23:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-06 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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    2016-09-06 大旺旺

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-09-05 大旺旺

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-09-05 蜗小牛的天空

    收藏先

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112422, encodeId=c13d112422c7, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 16:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=112365, encodeId=d54711236586, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e291719269, createdName=大旺旺, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111470, encodeId=91301114e005, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e291719269, createdName=大旺旺, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 13:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111452, encodeId=1aa4111452d5, content=收藏先, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160814/IMG57B04B04A03228221.jpg, createdBy=622a1684503, createdName=蜗小牛的天空, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 12:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252879, encodeId=c50112528e996, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=463230886b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状动脉疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30886, encryptionId=463230886b8, topicName=冠状动脉疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111072, encodeId=5a5a1110e2ce, content=学习了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111054, encodeId=28a7111054a0, content=学习了,好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 06:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111011, encodeId=df3b11101131, content=分享快乐?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRrYOibkVibW9vAkCfb2F55aHjqMoqUVaF9fuXIMCxexawSOsicpbF7Ria7o54zPK65PodlkwhPrNhLhS/0, createdBy=12f71314239, createdName=ann y, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 23:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-05 刘煜

    学习了谢谢。

    0

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    2016-09-05 1771ae4158m

    学习了,好

    0

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    2016-09-04 ann y

    分享快乐?

    0

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