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卫健委发布「0~6岁儿童发育行为评估量表」:261项指标测异常

2021-08-31 网络 网络

中国国家卫生健康委员会最新发布了

中国国家卫生健康委员会最新发布了“0~6岁儿童发育行为评估量表”,本量表于2018年正式开始实施。虽然这是一个面向专业人士的评估量表,但量表非常详细地描述了每个月龄段孩子所需具备的能力,对于家长或老师来说,是一个易懂且权威的参考。

本量表共包含261个指标,覆盖大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言和社会行为5方面的内容。家长与老师作为与孩子朝夕相处的人,对于孩子的各方面能力都比较了解,通过本量表,孩子的能力数据化,家长和老师可以更加直观地了解孩子的发展水平,看到优势与不足。

本量表适合未满7周岁的孩子使用,通过量表可以计算出不同月龄阶段孩子的发育商,更精准地了解到孩子的发育情况。但需要注意的是:家长既是养育者,又是主评人,结果很容易出现偏差。

我们为大家介绍本量表的目的,是为家长与老师提供一个便捷的参考。发育商的数值范围也可以作为参考,但孩子究竟处于何种发育水平,还需要听从专业人士的建议与分析。

评估前一定要了解的事

本标准适用于0岁~6岁(未满7周岁)儿童发育行为水平的评估,是评估儿童发育行为水平的诊断量表。

01 必须了解的词

1、能区 attribute

量表测定的领域,本量表包括大运动、精细动作、语言、适应能力和社会行为五个能区。其中大运动能区指身体的姿势、头的平衡,以及坐、爬、立、走、跑、跳的能力;精细动作能区指使用手指的能力;语言能区指理解语言和语言的表达能力;适应能力能区指儿童对其周围自然环境和社会需要作出反应和适应的能力;社会行为能区指对周围人们的交往能力和生活自理能力。

2、智力年龄 mental age;MA

智龄、心理年龄。反映儿童智力水平高低的指标。

注:在编制的量表中,按年龄分组编制测查项目,若被试者通过3岁的测查项目,就表示他使用该量表测查的智力年龄为3岁。

3、发育商 development quotient;DQ

用来衡量儿童心智发展水平的核心指标之一,是在大运动、精细动作、认知、情绪和社会性发展等方面对儿童发育情况进行衡量。

计算方式:

02

评估内容

包括大运动、精细动作、语言、适应能力和社会行为5个能区,用于测查儿童发育行为状况,评估其发育程度。每个月龄组8~10个测查项目,共计261个测查项目。

03

辅助工具

主试者使用与测查量表配套的标准化测查工具箱,以及诊查床、围栏床、小桌、小椅、楼梯等测查工具。

04

测查程序

1、计算实际月龄

首先根据被试者的测查日期和出生日期计算出被试者是几岁几月零几日,再把岁和日换算为月,以月龄为单位,月龄保留一位小数。

日换算成月为 30 天=1.0 个月,岁换算成月为 1 岁=12.0 个月。

2、标记主测月龄

与实际月龄最接近的月龄段为主测月龄,在主测月龄前用▲标记,主测月龄介于量表两个月龄段之间的,视较小月龄为主测月龄。早产儿也按照实际月龄进行标记,无需矫正月龄。

3、主测月龄为启动月龄,先测查主测月龄的项目,无论主测月龄的某一能区的项目是否通过,需分别向前和向后再测查 2 个月龄,共 5 个月龄的项目

4、向前测查该能区的连续 2 个月龄的项目均通过,则该能区的向前测查结束;若该能区向前连续 2 个月龄的项目有任何一项未通过,需继续往前测查,直到该能区向前的连续 2 个月龄的项目均通过为止。

5、然后从主测月龄向后测连续 2 个月龄的项目,若向后测查的该能区的连续 2 个月龄的项目均不能通过,则该能区的向后测查结束;若该能区向后连续 2 个月龄的项目有任何一项通过,需继续往后测查,直到该能区向后的连续两个月龄的项目均不通过为止。

6、 所有能区均应按照本节3-5的要求进行测查。

05

记录方式

测查通过的项目用○表示;不通过的项目用×表示。(家长自测时分别标记好即可)

06

结果计算

1、各能区计分

1 月龄~12 月龄:

每个能区 1.0 分,若只有一个测查项目,则该测查项目为 1.0 分;若有两个测查项目则各为 0.5分。

15 月龄~36 月龄:

每个能区 3.0 分,若只有一个测查项目,则该测查项目为 3.0 分;若有两个测查项目则各为 1.5分。

42 月龄~84 月龄:

每个能区 6.0 分,若只有一个测查项目,则该测查项目为 6.0 分;若有两个测查项目则各为 3.0分。

2、计算智龄

①把连续通过的测查项目读至最高分(连续两个月龄通过则不再往前继续测,默认前面的全部通过),不通过的项目不计算,通过的项目(含默认通过的项目)分数逐项加上,为该能区的智龄。

②将五个能区所得分数相加,再除以 5 就是总的智龄,保留一位小数。

③计算发育商:

④ 发育商参考范围

高于130为优秀

110~129为良好

80~109为中等

70~79为临界偏低

低于70为智力发育障碍

07

量表的使用

1、 测查要求

①测查环境应安静,光线明亮,4 岁以下儿童允许一位家长陪伴,4 岁及以上的儿童如伴有发育落后、沟通不利或者测查不配合的情况可有家长陪同。

②主试者应严格按照操作方法和测查通过要求进行操作,避免被试儿童家长暗示、启发、诱导。

③主试者应熟记操作方法和测查通过要求。

④主试者的位置应正确,桌面应整洁,测查工具箱内的用具不应让被试儿童看到,用一件取一件,用完后放回。

⑤主试者应经过专业培训获得相关资质才能施测。

2、结果解释

①应由受过专业培训的主试者结合儿童的综合情况对其发育行为水平予以解释和判断。

②主试者应恰当地向家长解释儿童发育行为水平A ,尤其是对于发育落后的儿童更要慎重。

0 岁~6 岁儿童发育行为评估量表

(点击图片查看完整量表)

附表

评估表的操作方法和测查通过要求

(点击图片查看完整要求)

不同年龄的孩子应该处于一个哪个发展阶段?这是每一位父母都应该了解的事。自测自查,随时了解孩子的发展动向,如有异常,可以尽早发现,及时采取措施。

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    2021-09-02 neurowu
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1932231, encodeId=63411932231f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=309a28221a7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28221, encryptionId=309a28221a7, topicName=儿童发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f612331, createdName=gds2009, createdTime=Thu Dec 30 23:42:01 CST 2021, time=2021-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2042813, encodeId=b220204281382, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98be914959b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评估量表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91495, encryptionId=98be914959b, topicName=评估量表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d1e370, createdName=yibei, createdTime=Mon Nov 01 02:42:01 CST 2021, time=2021-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1258834, encodeId=aa7712588341e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0ae365e02f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卫健委#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36570, encryptionId=b0ae365e02f, topicName=卫健委)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Thu Sep 02 00:42:01 CST 2021, time=2021-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347568, encodeId=70a1134e568eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Thu Sep 02 00:42:01 CST 2021, time=2021-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1013236, encodeId=7e0b10132361a, content=非常好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=821f2227826, createdName=DR.Fu SIR, createdTime=Tue Aug 31 16:47:12 CST 2021, time=2021-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-31 DR.Fu SIR

    非常好!

    0

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