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GUT: 直接口服抗凝剂比华法林更能减少结肠镜息肉切除术后出血和血栓栓塞的风险

2021-12-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

因为血栓要采取抗凝的治疗,消化道出血又不能够采取抗凝治疗,所以是一个矛盾的共同体。

目前,直接口服抗凝剂(DOAC)的出现导致了心房颤动(AF)和血栓栓塞症管理模式的转变,因为这种药物起效迅速、半衰期短、药代动力学效应可以预测而且具有更好的安全性。然而,在接受侵入性手术的病人中,抗凝血的管理仍然具有挑战性。结肠镜检查与息肉切除术已被证明可以降低结肠直肠癌(CRC)相关的死亡率。然而,息肉切除术后出血(PPB)的风险很大。目前的国际指南将结肠镜息肉切除术列为高风险的内窥镜手术。在所有的出血性相关的风险因素中,使用抗凝剂包括华法林和肝素桥接剂与PPB的风险大大增加有关。因此,本项研究旨在探究基于人群的队列中评估 DOAC 和华法林使用者的 PPB 和血栓栓塞风险。

 

为此,研究人员进行了一项涉及2012年至2020年香港的全港回顾性队列研究。纳入的患者是确定接受口服抗凝剂并接受结肠镜息肉切除术的患者。为华法林-DOAC 和单独DOAC 治疗之间的比较进行了治疗加权的逆概率的倾向评分模型。主要观察结果是临床上显着的延迟 PPB出现,其定义是需要在 30 天内止血的重复结肠镜检查。次要观察结果是 30 天的输血需求和新的血栓栓塞事件。

 

研究结果证实与华法林相比,阿哌沙班与更低的 PPB 风险相关(HR (aHR) 0.39,95% CI 0.24-0.63,p<0.001)。与阿哌沙班相比,达比加群(aHR 2.23,95% CI 1.04-4.77,p=0.035)和利伐沙班(aHR 2.72,95% CI 1.35-5.48,p=0.002)与更高的 PPB 风险相关。在亚组分析中,阿哌沙班与 70 岁以上患者和右侧结肠息肉患者的 PPB 风险降低相关。对于血栓栓塞事件,阿哌沙班的风险低于华法林(aHR 0.22,95% CI 0.11-0.45,p<0.001)。与阿哌沙班相比,达比加群(aHR 2.60,95% CI 1.06-6.41,ap=0.033)和利伐沙班(aHR 2.96,95% CI 1.19-7.37,ap =0.013)与更高的血栓栓塞风险相关。

 

与华法林、达比加群和利伐沙班相比,阿哌沙班显着降低 PPB 和血栓栓塞的风险,尤其是在右侧息肉的老年患者中这样的效果更明显。

原始出处:

Louis HS Lau. Et al. Risks of post-colonoscopic polypectomy bleeding and thromboembolism with warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants: a population-based analysis. GUT.2021.

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