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新《指南》首次提出“临床治愈”

2016-04-18 高莹莹 中国科学报

慢性乙型肝炎(简称“慢乙肝”)是由乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)持续感染引起的肝脏慢性炎症性疾病。2015年10月,最新发布的中国《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2015年版)》(简称《指南》)首次提出了“临床治愈”的概念,明确将慢乙肝患者获得停药后持久应答、HBV DNA检测不到、HBsAg消失或抗-HBs阳转,并伴有ALT复常和肝脏组织学基本正常或有轻微病变作为治疗目标,通过科学检测和监测帮助临床医生在慢

慢性乙型肝炎(简称“慢乙肝”)是由乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)持续感染引起的肝脏慢性炎症性疾病。2015年10月,最新发布的中国《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2015年版)》(简称《指南》)首次提出了“临床治愈”的概念,明确将慢乙肝患者获得停药后持久应答、HBV DNA检测不到、HBsAg消失或抗-HBs阳转,并伴有ALT复常和肝脏组织学基本正常或有轻微病变作为治疗目标,通过科学检测和监测帮助临床医生在慢乙肝诊断、抗病毒治疗监测、随访中作出合理决策。

近日,在重庆举办的“科学监测与随访,为防治慢性乙肝护航”交流会上,中国工程院院士、北京大学基础医学院病原生物学系庄辉教授,重庆医科大学附属第二医院院长、重庆医科大学病毒性肝炎研究所所长任红教授,北京大学第一医院感染疾病科主任兼肝病中心主任王贵强教授围绕新版《指南》,对慢乙肝防治现状与发展进行了深入探讨,并强调科学检测和监测对改善患者管理、实现临床治愈的重要意义。

实现慢乙肝临床治愈,重在检测与监测

乙肝临床检测主要包括生化指标检测和病毒学检测。生化指标包括转氨酶(ALT)和肝功能指标,反映肝细胞损伤、肝脏合成及代谢能力,其中ALT是反映免疫活化的间接指标。病毒学检测包括血清学标志物检测和乙肝病毒基因(HBV DNA)检测,血清学检测即抗原和抗体检测(乙肝五项),包括乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBS)、e抗原(HBeAg)、e抗体(抗-HBe)、核心抗体(抗-HBc),是判断HBV感染的基本依据;HBV DNA定量检测主要用来检测血液中HBV含量,了解病毒传染性及病情严重程度,是HBV感染最直接、特异性强、灵敏性高的指标。

新《指南》一大亮点是第一次提出“临床治愈”,庄辉强调:“实现临床治愈的关键是科学的检测与监测。通过治疗前的基线检测结果确定个体化诊疗方案(即基线特征指导治疗);在治疗12周、24周进行检测,判断患者应答好坏从而调整治疗方案(即应答指导治疗);疗程结束后,通过检测判定是否达到停药标准;而停药后则需每3个月、6个月监测,确定是否复发。通过检测与监测,使更多患者延缓和减少肝硬化、肝癌及其他并发症发生,部分患者实现临床治愈,改善生活质量和延长生存时间。”

高灵敏HBV DNA定量检测和HBsAg定量检测,改善抗病毒治疗监测与随访

目前,慢乙肝抗病毒治疗分为注射干扰素(IFN-α)和口服核苷类似物(NAs):干扰素治疗通过有限疗程达到抗病毒和控制免疫的双重效果,患者有较高HBsAg清除率;核苷类似物治疗通过服用药物抑制病毒,可达到持久病毒学应答,但需长期治疗。

对接受核苷类似物治疗的患者,《指南》建议,HBeAg阳性患者总疗程至少4年,当HBV DNA低于检测下限、ALT复常、HBeAg血清学转换后再巩固治疗至少3年仍保持不变时可考虑停药;而HBeAg阴性患者,建议达到HBsAg消失且HBV DNA检测不到,再巩固治疗1年半(经过至少3次复查,每次间隔6个月)仍保持不变时,可考虑停药。

“精准有效的检测结果对慢乙肝治疗过程中的疗效判断、停药时机把握以及治疗结束后的监测和随访起重要指导作用。”任红指出,“在核苷酸类似药物治疗的几个关键节点,建议使用高灵敏度HBV DNA定量检测试剂。国产试剂最低检测下限是1000 IU/mL,高灵敏度试剂最低检测下限可至20 IU/mL。临床医生采用不同试剂判断治疗效果、是否停药、是否复发,可能作出不同医疗决策,患者治疗效果也不同。慢乙肝抗病毒治疗即使达到满意终点停药,仍有一定复发率,而依据1000 IU/mL检测下限所作的停药决策,复发风险更大。”

耐药是核苷类似物长期治疗慢乙肝面临的主要问题之一,应定期对治疗患者进行HBV DNA定量检测以及时发现原发性无应答和病毒学突破。王贵强介绍:“高灵敏HBV DNA定量检测能早期发现耐药,比普通检测手法更早发现病毒学突破,帮助及时调整治疗方案。早期发现耐药并及时处理,可预防耐药,也将耐药控制在可挽救范围。”

对接受干扰素治疗的患者,理想治疗终点是获得持久免疫控制。王贵强介绍:“新《指南》另一大亮点是对干扰素治疗强调了停药原则,干扰素治疗毕竟费用昂贵,治疗过程中已达到停药标准,不应该继续进行治疗。若患者没有发生HBsAg下降,HBV DNA基线下降也不明显,应改用核苷类似物治疗。其间,HBsAg定量检测对选择干扰素治疗及治疗过程中监测、预后、更换治疗方案等价值重大。”

无论采用哪种治疗方案,慢乙肝患者治疗结束后,仍需终身监测与随访,以评估抗病毒治疗长期疗效、监测疾病进展及肝癌发生。《指南》明确提出,不论患者在抗病毒治疗过程中是否获得应答,停药后3个月内应每月检测1次肝功能、HBV血清学标志物及HBV DNA;之后每3个月检测1次肝功能、HBV血清学标志物及HBV DNA,至少随访1 年,以及时发现肝炎复发及肝脏功能恶化。

▲▲ 链接:

罗氏诊断拥有血清学和病毒学检测两大产品线,提供全面的乙肝标志物检测。ElecsysR HBsAg定量检测使用电化学发光法,特异性、敏感性和准确性良好,检测效率高,结果可溯源至WHO第二版国际标准;《指南》推荐的cobasR TaqManR HBV DNA定量检测线性范围达20 IU/mL~1.7×108 IU/mL,可为临床诊疗提供更准确检测结果,减少二次检测,有效提高临床诊疗水平。

《中国科学报》 (2016-04-12 第6版 前沿)

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    2016-08-27 李东泽

    这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。

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    2016-08-27 李东泽

    这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。

    0

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    2016-04-19 李继凯

    文章高大上

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    2016-04-19 李继凯

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