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Nature:同日三篇重磅研究同时揭开寨卡病毒的美洲传播之谜

2017-05-27 陈初夏 测序中国

日前,三个独立的研究小组对寨卡病毒(ZIKV)进行了基因组学研究。研究人员利用数百个来自临床和埃及伊蚊寨卡病毒样本的测序结果,追踪了 2015 年寨卡病毒爆发的起源和传播情况。

日前,三个独立的研究小组对寨卡病毒(ZIKV)进行了基因组学研究。研究人员利用数百个来自临床和埃及伊蚊寨卡病毒样本的测序结果,追踪了 2015 年寨卡病毒爆发的起源和传播情况。

在本周的电话新闻发布会上,Broad 研究所疟疾和病毒基因组学副主任 Broadwyn MacInnis 谈到:“随着疫情的爆发和蔓延,显而易见,在我们关于病毒知识中,缺乏有关寨卡病毒遗传多样性的信息。这些有助于解决大量未决问题,如探索病毒如何在人群中传播及变化。”



今日发表在 Nature 杂志上的三项研究之一,MacInnis 及其 Broad 研究所的同事所领导团队对 110 个寨卡病毒分离株进行了测序,这些病毒收集自 10 个国家。该研究确认相关事件不仅涉及巴西寨卡病毒的迅速爆发,还包括波多黎各、洪都拉斯、哥伦比亚、加勒比和美国等地区寨卡病毒的引入。

他们的研究结果表明,在首例感染和相关的新生儿小头畸形被诊断之前,寨卡病毒已在这些地区长时间传播,这一发现在今天的另外两项研究也得到了呼应

MacInnis 说:“在我们可以所分析的每一区域,寨卡病毒在首例地方传播病例报告之前,已经传播了几个月或长达一年甚至更长时间。这意味着这些地区的疫情爆发比之前预想的要早得多。”

该团队的系统进化分析包括最新测序的基因组和五十多个已发表的寨卡病毒序列,研究表明,包括最近爆发感染的毒株,这些寨卡病毒具有一个共同的祖先,其可追溯到 2014 年初的巴西。从那里,爆发病毒迅速蔓延至其他地区,随后在受影响的地区形成了一组可遗传的分离族群。

例如,虽然巴西和哥伦比亚的菌株相似,但从美国大陆分离出的一种分离株却属于牙买加、多米尼加共和国和海地的寨卡病毒。另一个集群包含了在洪都拉斯、危地马拉和萨尔瓦多获得的病毒分离株。

在大多数地区,寨卡病毒似乎在首例本地病例报道几个月前就已经开始传播。 从样本检测到的 1030 个突变中,研究小组缩小了在寨卡分离株中相对较高频率的潜在适应性突变,并探讨了病毒进化对可用诊断目标的潜在影响。

MacInnis 说:“我们希望这些研究数据能在开发最新的分子诊断和疫苗方面发挥作用,并改进未来用于预防寨卡病毒爆发的工具。”



另一项研究中,一个国际研究小组对 54 个 ZIKV 分离株进行了测序,研究主要集中于五个巴西行政区域所搜集的样本。这些样本大多来自巴西东北部,该地区已经报道了寨卡病毒感染和新生儿小头畸形的病例。

研究人员使用 Oxford Nanopore 的 MinIon 测序仪,对寨卡病毒阳性的样品亚组进行了快速病毒基因组测序,产生了 30 多个巴西东北部、东南部和北部地区的寨卡病毒分离株的完整或部分基因组,9 个来自里约热内卢地区的基因组,以及 9 个来自墨西哥或哥伦比亚的基因组。

研究人员发现,这些病毒株之间的关系可以追溯到 2014 年初巴西东北部,而这早于疫情发现之前

文章的通讯作者 Oliver Pybus 在新闻发布会上表示:“美洲疫情的爆发事件几乎肯定发生在巴西东北部,这一区域所记录的寨卡病毒感染和新生儿小头畸形病例数量最多。我们的研究表明,多种病毒从巴西东北部及巴西东南部的大城市传播至美洲的其他地区,尤其是圣保罗和里约热内卢。”

伯明翰大学研究员尼 Nicolas Loman 是该研究的共同作者,其领导的团队提供了更多关于测序寨卡分离株的技术细节,相关研究发表在 Nature Protocols 上。



在今日 Nature 发表的第三篇关于寨卡病毒基因组学研究中,Scripps 研究所、美国陆军传染病医学研究所等研究人员直接对来自佛罗里达州的寨卡病毒分离株的基因组进行了测序。

基于 29 个寨卡病例分离株的最新序列数据,三个分离株来自旅行相关感染,七个寨卡病毒分离株来自蚊媒传播。连同 65 个已发表的寨卡病毒基因组序列,研究小组估计,该病毒已被引入了 4~40 次。

Scripps 研究所的免疫学和微生物科学研究员 Kristian Andersen 表示:“这不是一次性的事件,而是一直在发生。”

Andersen 指出,这些病毒的引入似乎已经在感染被报道几个月前就已经开始了。据报道,许多病毒是从加勒比海地区传播至佛罗里达州。由于当地的气候原因,这一地区的埃及伊蚊全年“热情好客”,很容易发生病毒感染。

这些最新测序的基因组也有助于更广泛区分本地传播和输入性感染,同时在某些地区,可以将蚊媒作为目标进行寨卡病毒的防控工作。

原始出处:

Nathan D. Grubaugh,Jason T. Ladner,Moritz U. G. Kraemer,et al. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22400.

N. R. Faria, J. Quick, I.M. Claro, et al. Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22401.

Hayden C. Metsky, Christian B. Matranga, Shirlee Wohl, et al. Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22402.

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    2017-07-16 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882102, encodeId=03b31882102ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Jul 16 00:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746246, encodeId=14a71e4624699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0673e997283' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#美洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79972, encryptionId=0673e997283, topicName=美洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2c0735680798, createdName=kord1994, createdTime=Sun Nov 05 22:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=204918, encodeId=5bfd204918e2, content=学习了!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=078f1661649, createdName=wei834766788, createdTime=Wed May 31 20:56:51 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360077, encodeId=521a13600e725, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6783466083f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#寨卡病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46608, encryptionId=6783466083f, topicName=寨卡病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Mon May 29 01:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1512923, encodeId=398c15129230a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0364660360' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#寨卡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46603, encryptionId=f0364660360, topicName=寨卡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d79610514526, createdName=12498710m14暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon May 29 01:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1549122, encodeId=c3e415491228a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Mon May 29 01:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203471, encodeId=188b2034e1e6, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun May 28 07:21:06 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-05 kord1994
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    2017-05-31 wei834766788

    学习了!!!!!!

    0

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    2017-05-29 xxxx1054
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    2017-05-28 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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