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Dev Cell :揭示影响人类皮肤衰老的关键因素,这个物质或为皮肤衰老的“救星”

2020-12-30 王木木 生物探索

皮肤作为身体最外层的物理屏障,日常保护着我们免受脱水、紫外线辐射以及传染性病原体的入侵。皮肤也是早期表现出衰老的器官之一。

皮肤作为身体最外层的物理屏障,日常保护着我们免受脱水、紫外线辐射以及传染性病原体的入侵。皮肤也是早期表现出衰老的器官之一,眼周等皮肤会随着年龄增加出现松弛、皱纹以及弹性下降,严重时还会产生湿疹、黑色素瘤等皮肤疾病。由于皮肤细胞具有异质性,因而难以准确揭示人类皮肤衰老的细胞类型特异性的分子机制,也由此阻碍了皮肤衰老相关疾病的干预措施的发展。

近日,来自中国科学院动物研究所和北京基因组研究所的团队在《Developmental Cell》上发表了题为A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Skin Aging的研究成果,使用单细胞转录组测序技术,以单细胞分辨率绘制了人类皮肤的衰老路线,确定了皮肤细胞中生长控制转录因子的干扰是人类皮肤衰老的主要特征。

为了揭示人类皮肤衰老的细胞类型特异性分子机制,研究人员收集了不同年龄女性捐赠的眼睑皮肤样本,对其进行形态学分析,发现皮肤中的表皮厚度,真皮-表皮连接处的卷积、真皮胶原密度以及各种皮肤细胞类型的细胞密度均在衰老过程中不断降低。

将这些样本分为年轻(Y),中年(M)和老年(O)组,通过转录组分析对各组间多种皮肤细胞类型的基因表达模式进行比较,以深入剖析皮肤衰老的机制。发现皮肤衰老相关的基因表达在中年早期就会开始发生变化,其在7种细胞类型中鉴定到与细胞因子介导的信号通路和凋亡信号通路、以及炎症增加有关的基因随年龄而上调,在10种细胞类型中鉴定到与上皮细胞增殖、上皮维持能力相关的基因表达随年龄下调。

scRNA-Seq分析不同年龄皮肤的细胞类型

眼睑皮肤每天都会暴露在光照下,久之会出现血管网络丧失和慢性皮肤炎症等光老化表现。对光老化相关途径的基因表达进一步分析,发现维持皮肤细胞动态平衡至关重要的DNA修复基因会随年龄增长而下调,与年龄相关的几种类型的皮肤细胞的DNA修复能力下降、DNA和蛋白质的氧化增加,且紫外线诱导的基因组突变也出现积累。

皮肤衰老过程中不同细胞类型的转录特征变化

这些结果表明,在老年人的皮肤中会发生一系列以炎症反应,光损伤和上皮维持障碍为特征的细胞类型特异性的分子变化,并且可能导致其对与衰老相关的皮肤疾病的敏感性增加。

皮肤的表皮会不断再生,通过位于基底层的表皮干细胞分裂维持其稳态;而皮肤的成纤维细胞会产生形成皮肤结缔组织的细胞外基质,对于伤口愈合至关重要。那么皮肤衰老是否会影响基底细胞和成纤维细胞以及是如何影响的呢?

皮肤衰老过程中表皮基底细胞亚群的转录特征的变化

研究人员对表皮基底细胞和成纤维细胞的亚群的转录进行分析,发现生长控制转录因子即成纤维细胞中的HES1和基底细胞中的KLF6在衰老早期出现下调,这两种蛋白的失活会加速细胞的衰老,而HES1的激活则会减轻皮肤成纤维细胞的衰老,这表明HES1可能对皮肤具有保护作用。此外,研究人员还发现天然化合物槲皮素可以减弱真皮成纤维细胞的衰老,这也为干扰人类皮肤衰老提供了新的潜在策略。

皮肤老化过程中成纤维细胞核心调控因子的变化

综上所述,该研究在单细胞水平上对人类皮肤衰老的细胞类型特定机制进行分析,促进了对抗衰老相关皮肤疾病的新型治疗策略的发展。

原始出处:

Zhiran Zou, Xiao Long, Qian Zhao ,et al.A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Skin Aging . Dev Cell .2020 Nov 23;S1534-5807(20)30877-7. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.002.

 

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    2021-04-04 fzwish20000
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    2021-02-05 维他命
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    2021-02-19 ms4000000652700111

    预备出化妆品哈哈哈哈哈 医美搞起来

    0

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Baidu
map