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斑秃白发现象的皮肤镜镜特征

2021-09-19 医路坦克 MedSci原创

斑秃(AA)的皮肤镜表现黄点、黑点、感叹号毛发和锥形毛发是最常见的特征。发旗标志,指的是旗帜条纹的交替颜色,其特征是同一发轴上的水平低色带和高色带。

斑秃(AA)的皮肤镜表现具有很明确的特征。黄点、黑点、感叹号毛发和锥形毛发是最常见的特征。发旗标志,指的是旗帜条纹的交替颜色,其特征是同一发轴上的水平低色带和高色带。有研究观察了两名斑秃患者的毛发旗帜征,并强调了头发色素减退现象的病理生理机制。一名10岁的健康男孩,身高正常,营养状况良好,两个月以来因斑片状脱发就诊。体格检查显示,头皮上可见直径2-4 cm的圆形和椭圆形斑块,这是斑秃的典型表现(图1a)。剩下的体检并不引人注目。皮肤镜检查发现黑点和断发(图1b)。皮肤镜检查还显示同一发干上有白色和黑色的条带:发旗标志(图1c)。

一名21岁的男性,没有潜在疾病,营养状况良好,有5年的头皮和眉毛脱发病史。临床检查发现无瘢痕斑片性脱发,符合斑秃。其余体检均正常。头皮和眉毛的皮肤镜检查发现了黑点、断发和白色再生毛发。还观察到左侧眉毛上的发旗标志(图2a、2b)。显微镜检查显示从毛发的远端到近端呈进行性色素沉着活动(图3a、3b、3c)。皮肤科医生可能会在头发、皮肤和指甲上看到发旗标志。皮肤旗帜征是光化性角化病和人乳头瘤病毒引起的疣的组织病理学特征。目前在没有报道过在斑秃患者中观察到的毛旗征的皮肤镜特征。它代表了本病白发现象的毛镜特征。事实上,众所周知,色素减少的头发在斑秃时最先再生,几周后再长出健康的色素头发。最被广泛接受的理论认为,斑秃免疫豁免状态崩溃的结果,来自黑素细胞的自身抗原可能负责启动针对毛囊的免疫反应。这种致病机制可以解释玛丽·安托瓦内特综合症,指的是玛丽·安托瓦内特女王行刑前一晚头发突然变白。据推测,这种突然的变白是由弥漫性斑秃引起的,而不是头发的色素减少。白发现象在白发再生中也很明显,Messenger等人发现再生色素减少的毛发,发现色素转移有缺陷,色素活性受损,黑素细胞数量减少。此外,Fisher等人还研究了拷贝数变异(CNV)对斑秃的贡献。发现跨越MCHR2和MCHR2AS1基因的CNV与斑秃有名义上的显著关联,这与黑色素聚集有关。这就是为什么斑秃患者的头发在急性斑秃发作后再生时通常是白色的。

图1a

图1b

图2a

图2b

图3a

图3b

图3c

斑秃的生理病理机制仍然非常复杂和不清楚。黑素生成相关分子可能触发斑秃的自身免疫。白发现象在再生期最为常见。旗帜征是斑秃患者白发现象的典型特征。

文献来源:

Souissi A,  Ben Slimane M,  Alaoui F, Flag sign: the trichoscopic feature of white hair phenomenon in alopecia areata.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Feb;35(2) 

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    2021-09-19 ms7000001798258106

    👍

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    2021-09-19 SR~young海东

    脱发要重视

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    2021-09-19 ms1000002136354097

    学习了

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    2021-09-19 1487042cm12暂无昵称

    学习

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