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如何读懂一篇学术论文?

2014-09-02 秦鹏 果壳网

要想针对一个科学课题形成真正训练有素的观点,你需要熟悉这个领域当前的研究。而要想能够在众多对研究的解读中区分出良莠,你必须乐于阅读原文献,并具备独立阅读这些文献的能力。对于每一位博士和科学家来说,阅读和理解研究论文是他们在研究生院必须掌握的技能。你也可以学会它——不过和任何其他技能一样,你需要为之付出耐心和实践。 阅读科学论文跟读博客或报纸上有关科学的文章完全不一样。你不仅要用与原文不同的顺序

要想针对一个科学课题形成真正训练有素的观点,你需要熟悉这个领域当前的研究。而要想能够在众多对研究的解读中区分出良莠,你必须乐于阅读原文献,并具备独立阅读这些文献的能力。对于每一位博士和科学家来说,阅读和理解研究论文是他们在研究生院必须掌握的技能。你也可以学会它——不过和任何其他技能一样,你需要为之付出耐心和实践。

阅读科学论文跟读博客或报纸上有关科学的文章完全不一样。你不仅要用与原文不同的顺序来阅读各个章节,还必须记笔记、多读几遍,还可能得查阅其他论文,以便理解一些细节。一开始,阅读一篇论文可能会花费你很长时间,但是对自己耐心一点,当你有了经验,这个过程就会迅速许多。

这里我要探讨的科学论文类型是指“一次文献”(primary research article)。它应当是经过同行评议的,针对某个(或某些)特定问题的最新研究报告。大部分这样的文章分为下列部分:摘要(abstract)、导言(introduction)、方法(methods)、结果(results),以及结论(或解释、讨论,conclusions/interpretations/discussion)。

在开始阅读论文之前,留意一下作者和他们所属的机构。有一些机构(例如德克萨斯大学)有着很好的科研声誉,但也有一些机构看似正规,其实是有导向性的。发表论文的刊物也要多加留意,小心那些来自可疑期刊,或者来自像Natural News那类网站的文章——这些媒介看上去像是同行评议的科学期刊,实则不然。以下是给非科研人员的第一手研究论文阅读指南:

论文的主要部分

1. 别先读摘要,从导言部分入手。

摘要是论文文首那简短精炼的第一段话。事实上,很多非科研人员在试图建立一种科学观点时,常常就只读一篇论文的摘要部分。(这是一种很糟糕的做法。别这样。)我总是最后才阅读摘要,因为那里包含了对整篇论文的简要概括,我担心无意之间被作者对结果的解读灌输了先入之见。

2. 找出大问题。

“大问题”不是指“这篇论文讲的是什么”,而是“这个领域正在设法解决什么问题”。这有助于你理解为什么要进行这项研究。记得仔细寻找证据分辨哪些文章是有导向性的。

3. 以不超过5句话的篇幅总结背景。

为了解决这一“大问题”,这一领域做过什么努力?之前的工作有什么局限?在作者看来,下一步需要做什么?你得先能够简洁地解释为什么要进行这项研究,才能够理解它。

4. 找出具体问题。

作者在他们的研究中究竟想回答什么问题?这些问题可能有多个,也可能只有一个。把它们写下来。如果是那种验证一个或者多个零假设的研究,把零假设辨别出来。

5. 弄清解决手段。

为了回答这些具体的问题,作者要怎么做?

6. 阅读方法部分。

为每一个实验画出一个图表,画出作者到底做了什么。里面要包含使你全面理解研究工作所需的所有细节。

当然,也有可能摊上这样故弄玄虚的论文。

7. 阅读结果部分。

写下一段或几段话,总结每个实验、每幅图解和每张表格的结果。先不要解读结果的意义,写下结果是什么就好。你往往会发现,结果被总结在图解和表格之中了,用心注意它们。你可能还需要查阅在线的补充信息才能发现部分结果。另外,还要注意:

“显著”和“不显著”在统计学上具有精确的含义。
图表中有没有误差线?对一些类型的研究来说,没有标明置信区间可是个大漏洞。
样本大小。研究对象有10个人,还是10000个人?对一些研究目标而言,10个样本足矣,但是对大多数研究来说,样本多多益善。

8. 确定实验结果是否回答了特定问题。

你认为这些结果说明了什么?在想清楚这个问题之前不要继续。就算你被作者的解读改变了想法也不要紧——事实上,如果你还是这种分析型阅读的新手,出现这种情况往往在所难免——但是在阅读其他人的解读之前,先形成自己的解读,确实是一个非常好的习惯。

9. 阅读结论(或解释、讨论)部分。

作者认为结果意味着什么?你同意作者的看法吗?你能不能想出其他的方式解读结果?作者有没有意识到他们的研究存在任何弱点?你有没有发现任何作者遗漏的问题?(别以为他们都万无一失!)他们建议下一步如何做?你同意吗?

10. 回到开头阅读摘要。

摘要与作者在文中的论述相符吗?又是否与你对论文的解读一致?

11. 了解其他研究者对这篇论文的看法。

谁是这一领域(公认或自封)的专家?他们对这项研究有没有什么你没想到的批评?或者大体上都持支持态度?不要省略了这一步!我推荐你在这时候使用谷歌,不过一定要最后再这么做——那样你才能有更加充足的准备,批判性地思考其他人的意见。

原始出处

Jennifer Raff.How to Read and Understand a Scientific Paper: A Step-by-Step Guide for Non-Scientists.August 25, 2013

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24896, encodeId=3c85248964e, content=模仿开始吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Tue May 26 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19953, encodeId=b357199535c, content=不错,坚持论文阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=lecoo, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 15:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13037, encodeId=7ee51303e38, content=的确是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9efb91372, createdName=huahua1, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 18:56:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12265, encodeId=9fdb1226584, content=文献的精读就应该这样,虽然精读和泛读结合最好,但是早期阶段,精读更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=396292235, createdName=weiyongbao, createdTime=Sat Oct 18 17:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11504, encodeId=354811504d1, content=总结得不错。但如果每天阅读大量文献,很难做到以上每一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=495375045, createdName=lzhh101, createdTime=Fri Sep 05 00:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601138, encodeId=791a16011387b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=541b455e65a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45576, encryptionId=541b455e65a, topicName=学术论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c99e18846514, createdName=feather84, createdTime=Thu Sep 04 00:57:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-26 jasonuclear

    模仿开始吧

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24896, encodeId=3c85248964e, content=模仿开始吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Tue May 26 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19953, encodeId=b357199535c, content=不错,坚持论文阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=lecoo, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 15:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13037, encodeId=7ee51303e38, content=的确是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9efb91372, createdName=huahua1, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 18:56:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12265, encodeId=9fdb1226584, content=文献的精读就应该这样,虽然精读和泛读结合最好,但是早期阶段,精读更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=396292235, createdName=weiyongbao, createdTime=Sat Oct 18 17:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11504, encodeId=354811504d1, content=总结得不错。但如果每天阅读大量文献,很难做到以上每一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=495375045, createdName=lzhh101, createdTime=Fri Sep 05 00:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601138, encodeId=791a16011387b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=541b455e65a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45576, encryptionId=541b455e65a, topicName=学术论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c99e18846514, createdName=feather84, createdTime=Thu Sep 04 00:57:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-08 lecoo

    不错,坚持论文阅读

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24896, encodeId=3c85248964e, content=模仿开始吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Tue May 26 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19953, encodeId=b357199535c, content=不错,坚持论文阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=lecoo, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 15:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13037, encodeId=7ee51303e38, content=的确是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9efb91372, createdName=huahua1, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 18:56:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12265, encodeId=9fdb1226584, content=文献的精读就应该这样,虽然精读和泛读结合最好,但是早期阶段,精读更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=396292235, createdName=weiyongbao, createdTime=Sat Oct 18 17:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11504, encodeId=354811504d1, content=总结得不错。但如果每天阅读大量文献,很难做到以上每一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=495375045, createdName=lzhh101, createdTime=Fri Sep 05 00:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601138, encodeId=791a16011387b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=541b455e65a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45576, encryptionId=541b455e65a, topicName=学术论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c99e18846514, createdName=feather84, createdTime=Thu Sep 04 00:57:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-12-10 huahua1

    的确是这样的

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24896, encodeId=3c85248964e, content=模仿开始吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Tue May 26 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19953, encodeId=b357199535c, content=不错,坚持论文阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=lecoo, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 15:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13037, encodeId=7ee51303e38, content=的确是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9efb91372, createdName=huahua1, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 18:56:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12265, encodeId=9fdb1226584, content=文献的精读就应该这样,虽然精读和泛读结合最好,但是早期阶段,精读更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=396292235, createdName=weiyongbao, createdTime=Sat Oct 18 17:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11504, encodeId=354811504d1, content=总结得不错。但如果每天阅读大量文献,很难做到以上每一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=495375045, createdName=lzhh101, createdTime=Fri Sep 05 00:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601138, encodeId=791a16011387b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=541b455e65a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45576, encryptionId=541b455e65a, topicName=学术论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c99e18846514, createdName=feather84, createdTime=Thu Sep 04 00:57:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-10-18 weiyongbao

    文献的精读就应该这样,虽然精读和泛读结合最好,但是早期阶段,精读更重要

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24896, encodeId=3c85248964e, content=模仿开始吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Tue May 26 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19953, encodeId=b357199535c, content=不错,坚持论文阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=lecoo, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 15:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13037, encodeId=7ee51303e38, content=的确是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9efb91372, createdName=huahua1, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 18:56:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12265, encodeId=9fdb1226584, content=文献的精读就应该这样,虽然精读和泛读结合最好,但是早期阶段,精读更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=396292235, createdName=weiyongbao, createdTime=Sat Oct 18 17:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11504, encodeId=354811504d1, content=总结得不错。但如果每天阅读大量文献,很难做到以上每一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=495375045, createdName=lzhh101, createdTime=Fri Sep 05 00:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601138, encodeId=791a16011387b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=541b455e65a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45576, encryptionId=541b455e65a, topicName=学术论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c99e18846514, createdName=feather84, createdTime=Thu Sep 04 00:57:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-09-05 lzhh101

    总结得不错。但如果每天阅读大量文献,很难做到以上每一步

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24896, encodeId=3c85248964e, content=模仿开始吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Tue May 26 00:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19953, encodeId=b357199535c, content=不错,坚持论文阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=lecoo, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 15:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13037, encodeId=7ee51303e38, content=的确是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9efb91372, createdName=huahua1, createdTime=Wed Dec 10 18:56:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12265, encodeId=9fdb1226584, content=文献的精读就应该这样,虽然精读和泛读结合最好,但是早期阶段,精读更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=396292235, createdName=weiyongbao, createdTime=Sat Oct 18 17:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11504, encodeId=354811504d1, content=总结得不错。但如果每天阅读大量文献,很难做到以上每一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=495375045, createdName=lzhh101, createdTime=Fri Sep 05 00:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601138, encodeId=791a16011387b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=541b455e65a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45576, encryptionId=541b455e65a, topicName=学术论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c99e18846514, createdName=feather84, createdTime=Thu Sep 04 00:57:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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