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雾霾会引发肺癌吗

2015-12-02 王景烁 郝帅 何林璘 叶雨婷 中国青年报

从门诊量的攀升可以透视到连日来雾霾天对健康造成的影响。然而,虽然大家都认可雾霾对身体的危害,但这种危害程度到底多大,是否和日渐高发的肺癌有直接关系? 12月1日,在北京市儿童医院,中国青年报记者看到医院一楼大堂、二楼及三楼的内科等待区域,人满为患。该院服务咨询台的志愿者告诉记者,天气转差以来,呼吸科的号相比之前难挂多了。 空军总医院呼吸内科主任刘一说,从昨天开始,呼吸内科的普通号已经全部挂满,

从门诊量的攀升可以透视到连日来雾霾天对健康造成的影响。然而,虽然大家都认可雾霾对身体的危害,但这种危害程度到底多大,是否和日渐高发的肺癌有直接关系?

12月1日,在北京市儿童医院,中国青年报记者看到医院一楼大堂、二楼及三楼的内科等待区域,人满为患。该院服务咨询台的志愿者告诉记者,天气转差以来,呼吸科的号相比之前难挂多了。

空军总医院呼吸内科主任刘一说,从昨天开始,呼吸内科的普通号已经全部挂满,今天一上午又额外加了10个号。

“雾霾中,呼吸道首先受到影响。”刘一说。

她进一步解释:“雾霾天气会对人的肺部造成理化刺激和细菌感染,而且雾霾明显与肺癌相关。”她表示,PM2.5可以进入肺泡,由于雾霾阻碍了紫外线,空气里的病菌也会随之进入肺部,这就容易损伤肺泡。而肺泡是肺部气体交换的主要部位,是空气和血液的屏障,一旦遭到刺激,屏障被破坏就容易出现炎症,而炎症得不到有效治疗就容易引发癌症。

但中国抗癌协会常务理事长兼科普宣传部部长、首都医科大学肺癌诊断中心主任支修益认为,没有直接证据证明雾霾和肺癌有关系。

“目前世界卫生组织已经向全球公布,空气污染也是一类致癌物质,既然世界卫生组织把它定位为一类致癌物质,那肯定在这方面有一定证据。”支修益说,因为雾霾是这三两年扑面而来的,相关研究一直在进行,所以PM2.5在多少浓度的情况下,多长时间才能给人类健康带来危害,应该都有个数值。“目前我们国家还没有这样一个具体的数值。”

支修益告诉记者,PM2.5只是颗粒大小的一个总称,在不同地区,PM2.5搭载污染颗粒的性质是不同的。PM2.5有什么危害,取决于它搭载的是什么物质。

比如在石油地区,它搭载的就是石油里面的有害成分;在钢铁地区,带的就是重金属。

一到重度雾霾天气,刘一最担心的还是孩子。她说,小孩的肺泡清除能力较差,PM2.5颗粒会吸附在肺泡上,破坏其屏障功能,引发炎症反应,给病毒细菌入侵人体带来机会。“儿童的抵抗力更弱一些,在重度污染天气下,学校应该停止户外活动,课间操、体育课都应该暂停。”

刘一告诉记者,除了孩子,老人也是易感人群:雾霾中含有二氧化硫等刺激呼吸道粘膜的有害成分,也就是通常所说的理化刺激,可以通过支气管,刺激血管、肺泡、气道上皮等。这些微细颗粒还可能诱发炎症,导致机体发生各种感染。

“因雾霾严重,紫外线明显减少,杀菌作用减弱,细菌病毒的传播导致人们容易出现继发性感染,引起气道性过敏反应、慢阻肺等呼吸系统的老病、慢性病复发。由于毒性物质刺激,还会出现胸闷、气喘、咳嗽、咳痰等不适症状。” 刘一说。

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    2015-12-04 老段

    必须的必

    0

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    2015-12-04 chenshujs
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44695, encodeId=e3834469593, content=必须的必, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 06:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367475, encodeId=c020136e47511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c65e988e336' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#雾霾#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98873, encryptionId=c65e988e336, topicName=雾霾)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 05:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44525, encodeId=67544452577, content=肯定会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Thu Dec 03 11:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44467, encodeId=a4394446e07, content=主要是一定要保护环境,肺癌,必然和雾霾,和个人体质有关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151119/IMG564D22F85A3BB6344.jpg, createdBy=750e1664472, createdName=De_dzw, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 22:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44445, encodeId=6366444455d, content=引不引发癌症不知道,反正对身体有害就是了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/e3b78fdf1c4d3e2e9ec6e03f643df0e2/6ca494c7b27a25fdde0721c5dac778d7.jpg, createdBy=2e441664544, createdName=鲜花飞鸟, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 18:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-03 lixh1719

    肯定会

    0

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    2015-12-02 De_dzw

    主要是一定要保护环境,肺癌,必然和雾霾,和个人体质有关

    0

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    2015-12-02 鲜花飞鸟

    引不引发癌症不知道,反正对身体有害就是了

    0

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