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JAMA:使用抑酸药物与维生素B12缺乏显著相关

2014-02-05 MedSci MedSci原创

  维生素B12的吸收过程与胃酸分泌密切相关。质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)和H2受体拮抗剂均可抑制胃酸分泌,因而有可能导致维生素B12吸收不良。但目前为止,几乎没有关于长期使用这些抑酸药物与维生素B12缺乏相关性的大规模研究数据,既往几项小样本研究得出的结论也不一致。   为更好的研究PPIs和H2受体拮抗剂的使用与维生素B12缺乏之间的关系,来自美国加州Kaiser Permanent

  维生素B12的吸收过程与胃酸分泌密切相关。质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)和H2受体拮抗剂均可抑制胃酸分泌,因而有可能导致维生素B12吸收不良。但目前为止,几乎没有关于长期使用这些抑酸药物与维生素B12缺乏相关性的大规模研究数据,既往几项小样本研究得出的结论也不一致。

  为更好的研究PPIs和H2受体拮抗剂的使用与维生素B12缺乏之间的关系,来自美国加州Kaiser Permanente医疗机构研究中心的Jameson等人进行了一项大规模研究,结果表明,抑酸药物治疗与维生素B12缺乏显著相关。其结果在线发表于2013年12月11日的JAMA杂志上。

  研究采用病例对照的方法,评估既往接受过抑酸药物治疗与维生素B12缺乏之间的关联。研究对象为Kaiser Permanente医疗机构数据库里的患者,包括1997年1月到2011年6月期间诊断为维生素B12缺乏的25956例新发病例。同时段内未诊断为维生素B12缺乏者为对照,共184199名。

  结果显示,曾接受过2年或者2年以上PPI或H2受体拮抗剂治疗,均与维生素B12缺乏发病风险增加显著相关。其中PPI治疗可能使维生素B12缺乏发病风险增加65%。

进一步分析结果显示,每日服用1.5片以上PPI的患者比每日服用少于0.75片的患者更易于增加维生素B12缺乏的发病风险。前者可使发病风险增加近95%,后者则为63%,两者差异有统计学意义(见下表)。


表一 接受过2年或者2年以上PPI治疗与维生素B12缺乏相关

  对PPI治疗患者最近一次服药时间进行分层分析发现,正在接受PPI治疗的患者维生素B12 缺乏发病风险显著高于既往接受过PPI治疗的患者,提示停用PPI药物或可降低维生素B12缺乏发病风险则则增加的幅度(见图)。


最近一次服用PPI与维生素B12缺乏发病风险的分析

  研究表明,既往或正在进行抑酸药物治疗,与维生素B12缺乏显著相关。

  研究背景:

  维生素B12的主要生理功能是参与制造骨髓红细胞,防止恶性贫血以及大脑神经受到破坏。食物中的维生素B12与蛋白质结合,进入人体消化道内,在胃酸、胃 蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶的作用下被释放,并与胃粘膜细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白内因子(IF)结合,最终在回肠被吸收。

  本研究中诊断为维生素B12缺乏的新发病例中,有3120名患者(12%)曾接受过2年或者2年以上的PPI治疗,1087名患者 (4.2%)曾接受过2年或者2年以上的H2受体拮抗剂治疗。其余21749(83.8%)名患者没有接受过这两种抑酸药物的治疗。

  对照组中有13210名患者(7.2%)曾接受过2年或者2年以上的PPI治疗,5897名患者(3.2%)曾接受过2年或者2年以上的H2受体拮抗剂治疗,其余165092名患者(89.6%)未接受过这两种抑酸药物的治疗。

  PPIs和H2受体拮抗剂作为常规的抑酸治疗药物已深入人心,本研究结果并不反对应用这两种药物,但其临床指导意义在于,提醒医生在对患者进行抑酸治疗时,须全面考虑患者的病情,对患者说明药物的效用及可能带来的副作用。

为避免不必要的副反应及其他疾病发生,医生应在权衡利弊后再予确定治疗方案,同时严格控制疗程,不滥用抑酸药物。

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    2014-02-07 马龙
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