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Science子刊:新高通量测序技术发现适合对抗癌症的T细胞

2017-03-04 卢兆丹 生物通

最近Fred Hutchinson癌症研究中心的研究人员研发出了一项新技术,能鉴别人体免疫系统“大军”中到底是哪一种T细胞最适合对抗癌症,是这一研究领域的一大进步。

肿瘤免疫疗法,通过提高肿瘤细胞的免疫原性和对效应细胞杀伤的敏感性,激发和增强机体抗肿瘤免疫应答,并应用免疫细胞和效应分子注回人体后协同机体的免疫系统杀伤肿瘤、抑制肿瘤生长。肿瘤免疫治疗有望成为继手术、化疗、放疗、靶向治疗后肿瘤治疗领域的一场革命。寻找肿瘤特异性免疫细胞成为了近几年的肿瘤治疗领域的研究热点之一。但这存在一个技术性障碍:科学家们无法有效的追踪移植后的免疫细胞。

最近Fred Hutchinson癌症研究中心的研究人员研发出了一项新技术,能鉴别人体免疫系统“大军”中到底是哪一种T细胞最适合对抗癌症,是这一研究领域的一大进步。

该项发现发表于2月24日的Science Immunology杂志。

文章的第一作者,Fred Hutchinson癌症研究中心临床研究部成员,同时也是华盛顿大学医学院助理教授,Aude Chapuis博士说:“我们发现患者自身的免疫细胞中最终能够取得临床疗效的T细胞是十分罕见的。通过我们的方法,我们现在可以改善最终用于临床治疗的过继性T细胞移植的细胞筛选过程,以达到延长患者体内免疫治疗细胞存留时间和肿瘤防御时间的目的。”

Chapuis博士是过继性T细胞移植领域的一名专家。过继性T细胞移植是一种用于对抗肿瘤的新免疫T细胞疗法。从患者血液中获取T细胞,启动它们去寻找和摧毁癌细胞,然后将它们在体外扩增后重新注回患者体内。在有些治疗情况下,这些肿瘤靶向细胞也可以取自健康人血。

但是由于每次注射都包含了上千种不同的T细胞,而每一种又有着不同的肿瘤杀伤能力,因此究竟是哪种抗癌效力最强呢?更复杂的是,细胞在体外培养基生长的过程中,抗肿瘤的属性还会发生变化,因此它们的后代或者克隆会相对于原始来源出现改变。

这就像一个“黑匣子“,Chapuis博士说,科学家们几乎无法鉴定起主导杀伤肿瘤作用的T细胞组成。

2016年因魏则西事件引发了我国DC-CIK疗法现状争议,DC-CIK疗效低的根本原因在于,我们不清楚针对不同的肿瘤细胞,体外激活的DC细胞是否能够产生合适的宿主肿瘤特异性T细胞,也无法进一步追踪检测治疗后效用T细胞的存活和增殖水平。造成了该疗法疗效不稳定等弊端。

一项细胞追踪技术照亮“黑匣子”

高通量测序技术又被称为深度测序,能够一次并行对几十万到几百万条DNA分子进行序列测定,使对一个物种的转录组和基因组进行细致全貌的分析成为可能。

Chapuis博士说,高通量T细胞受体Vβ测序(High throughput T cell receptor sequencing,HTTCS)使我们能够跟踪移植后的单个克隆,区分不同的细胞并且知道它们的出处,哪些生长在培养基,哪些被移植到患者体内后仍然存活。最终在进行过继性T细胞移植中,我们可以详细追踪这个过程。

受体是T细胞攻击肿瘤的武器,该方法是通过受体的性质来区分T细胞。一个隶属于Fred Hutch癌症研究中心的子公司Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp,开发了免疫细胞高通量受体测序技术,为每一个T细胞受体标记了一个“条形码“,为研究人员追踪个体T细胞大军中所有不同类型的成员提供了快捷方式。

研究人员正是依据这些条形码,追踪细胞移植后患者的成千上万个免疫细胞。随后,他们还检验了10名转移性黑色素瘤患者体内的混合细胞对过继性T细胞疗法的治疗反应。研究人员发现,注射T细胞后得到完全缓解的两名患者体内主导抗肿瘤的特殊T细胞在他们自身体内是极其罕见的。该方法还可以让研究员们直观的观察哪些拥有最大效力的T细胞较为年轻,以便筛选更好的增殖和存活能力的待移植细胞。这两点特性对长期肿瘤控制而言至关重要。

原始出处:

Aude G. Chapuis, Cindy Desmarais, Ryan Emerson, et al.Tracking the fate and origin of clinically relevant adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in vivo.Science Immunology.2017,Feb 24.

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749267, encodeId=5b501e492676a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14bf102e64c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高通量测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102764, encryptionId=14bf102e64c1, topicName=高通量测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28a536265959, createdName=医生2406, createdTime=Fri Sep 08 00:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969419, encodeId=ddfb196941900, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6532102e6059' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高通量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102760, encryptionId=6532102e6059, topicName=高通量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad7f282, createdName=yang0210, createdTime=Wed May 31 00:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375497, encodeId=ea6a13e5497cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Mar 06 03:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178607, encodeId=99f61e86076b, content=感觉好厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aadd1680584, createdName=蔬菜, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 08:24:55 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178602, encodeId=bac21e860287, content=值得分享!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 00:17:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-06 jichang
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749267, encodeId=5b501e492676a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14bf102e64c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高通量测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102764, encryptionId=14bf102e64c1, topicName=高通量测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=28a536265959, createdName=医生2406, createdTime=Fri Sep 08 00:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969419, encodeId=ddfb196941900, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6532102e6059' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高通量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102760, encryptionId=6532102e6059, topicName=高通量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad7f282, createdName=yang0210, createdTime=Wed May 31 00:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375497, encodeId=ea6a13e5497cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Mar 06 03:01:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178607, encodeId=99f61e86076b, content=感觉好厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aadd1680584, createdName=蔬菜, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 08:24:55 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178602, encodeId=bac21e860287, content=值得分享!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 00:17:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-05 蔬菜

    感觉好厉害

    0

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    2017-03-05 明天会更好!

    值得分享!!!

    0

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