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Alzheimer Dementia :中年时控制血压可降低痴呆风险

2021-04-24 Freeman MedSci原创

中年时控制血压可降低痴呆风险

痴呆症是一个主要的公共卫生问题,给患者、他们的代理人和国家卫生保健系统带来了巨大的负担。 导致痴呆症的病理生理过程在生命后期出现临床上可识别的认知障碍之前的许多年就已开始。

因此,预防策略应针对中年时期的风险因素,即大致定义为40至65岁之间。事实上,以前的研究支持中年(≤65岁)和晚年(>65岁)风险因素与痴呆风险之间的不同关联。 美国心脏协会(AHA)定义了 "生命简单7"(LS7),这是一个由三个生物(血压、胆固醇水平、血糖状况)和四个生活方式(吸烟、体重指数[BMI]、饮食、身体活动)组成的血管健康(CVH)指标的综合得分,用于心血管疾病的初级或初级预防。坚持LS7理想的CVH建议与较低的心脏代谢疾病风险有关,如2型糖尿病心肌梗死和中风。坚持这些建议是否对预防痴呆症也有价值,目前仍有争议。

一些队列研究已经探讨了LS7评分与晚年痴呆或认知能力下降风险之间的关系,但结果并不一致。研究之间不一致的潜在来源包括样本特征和研究设计方面的差异。例如,基线评估时的高年龄和较短的随访时间可能会因为忽略了痴呆症的长期临床前阶段而带来偏差,从而导致反向因果关系的产生。这一点在LS7评分的两个组成部分--血压和BMI上得到了具体证明。此外,尽管对潜在的混杂因素进行了严格的调整,但对观察性研究的分析仍然容易出现残留的未测量的混杂因素。因此,仅靠观察性数据的证据不足以确定候选危险因素和痴呆风险之间的因果关系,也不足以支持预防治疗的建议。

孟德尔随机化(MR)使用与感兴趣的暴露相关的遗传变体作为工具,并调查它们与疾病结果的关系,从而克服了观察性研究的一些关键限制,如混杂和反向因果关系。因此,MR允许对因果关系做出推断。以前探索血管危险因素与阿尔茨海默病(AD)关联的MR研究未能显示出明显的因果关系,但AD痴呆的临床诊断需要排除大量可能对认知产生重大影响的伴随性脑血管疾病。代表血管对痴呆贡献的遗传信号在AD的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)中代表性不足,正如之前在冠状动脉疾病和AD的研究中所显示的。为了提供广泛适用的痴呆症预防策略,除了对痴呆症亚型进行更有针对性的MR研究外,MR研究应主要关注全因性痴呆症这一结果。目前,这种研究目前还不存在。

藉此,慕尼黑大学的Rainer Malik等人,利用来自英国生物库(UKB)的23万名40至69岁的个体的大规模数据,对他们进行了长达12年的随访,旨在:
(1)确定基线LS7评分以及其生物和生活方式子评分与发生的全因痴呆的关系;
(2)确定个体血管危险因素与发生的全因痴呆之间的线性和非线性关系;
(3)利用MR分析来建立个体血管危险因素与全因痴呆之间的因果关系。

他们发现;遵守LS7的生物指标(血压、胆固醇。血压、胆固醇、血糖状况)与较低的痴呆症发生风险有关(HR=0.93 ) 。
与此相反,在 LS7综合评分与生活方式子评分(吸烟、体重指数、饮食、运动)之间没有关联。身体质量指数、饮食、体育活动)与痴呆的发生没有关系。

在孟德尔随机化分析中,遗传性血压升高与较高的痴呆风险有关。痴呆症(HR=1.31)。

这个研究的重要意义在于,发现了在中年控制血压对减轻痴呆症的重要性,中年时控制血压可降低痴呆风险。

原文出处:

Malik, Rainer, et al. "Midlife vascular risk factors and risk of incident dementia: Longitudinal cohort and Mendelian randomization analyses in the UK Biobank." _Alzheimer's & Dementia_ (2021).

 
 
 
 

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    2021-04-30 SR~young海东

    控制血压刻不容缓

    0

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    2021-04-28 SR~young海东

    严格控制饮食

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988343, encodeId=c28c1988343dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a5c56e3945' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#控制血压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56739, encryptionId=5a5c56e3945, topicName=控制血压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7a159, createdName=3631173, createdTime=Mon Nov 01 02:17:10 CST 2021, time=2021-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1718001, encodeId=57001e18001a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f0658433a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#dementia#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5843, encryptionId=8f0658433a, topicName=dementia)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=307e32501717, createdName=linlin2323, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 19:17:10 CST 2022, time=2022-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=962016, encodeId=e1699620169b, content=控制血压刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=SR~young海东, createdTime=Fri Apr 30 21:03:54 CST 2021, time=2021-04-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=961333, encodeId=b0c79613334c, content=严格控制饮食, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=SR~young海东, createdTime=Wed Apr 28 20:18:47 CST 2021, time=2021-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316778, encodeId=98a21316e7834, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3d0e121576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71215, encryptionId=d3d0e121576, topicName=痴呆风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 19:17:10 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960038, encodeId=daf896003843, content=痴呆症与早期高血压有关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210224/ce0d4123440c4a7dbcb2e72458d6c283/7cc60f034a584c3dabbaa659278e106d.jpg, createdBy=82e45441201, createdName=ms7000001204488220, createdTime=Sat Apr 24 16:04:50 CST 2021, time=2021-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048773, encodeId=e7de1048e7351, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Sat Apr 24 07:17:10 CST 2021, time=2021-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-24 ms7000001204488220

    痴呆症与早期高血压有关

    0

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    2021-04-24 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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