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PNAS:中国人的阿尔兹海默症新基因风险位点!这三个基因都和AD相关

2018-02-06 Juka 转化医学网

阿尔兹海默症(AD)是和年龄相关的神经退行性疾病。中国AD患者人数在近期已经跃居世界第一,预计到2050年,中国AD患者将超过2000万。而在昨日,PNAS报道了和中国人相关的AD基因图谱,明确了基因同免疫系统在AD进展中的作用。


导  读

阿尔兹海默症(AD)是和年龄相关的神经退行性疾病。中国AD患者人数在近期已经跃居世界第一,预计到2050年,中国AD患者将超过2000万。而在昨日,PNAS报道了和中国人相关的AD基因图谱,明确了基因同免疫系统在AD进展中的作用。

随着人口老龄化进程的不断加剧,老年人的健康问题日益得到关注。而在老年人群中,阿尔兹海默症(AD)患者困扰着无数家庭。目前中国AD患者已经有600万人,因此针对AD的研究刻不容缓。

而在2月5日,PNAS就报道了一篇对老年人进行全基因组测序发现的可以导致AD进展的基因,并揭示了其可以通过影响免疫系统来影响AD进展。

来自中国广东的研究团队就对中国老年人进行了AD的全基因组测序研究,从而发现除了APOE位点或其附近鉴定的变异体之外,还发现了对于中国人来说与促进AD发展的相关基因——GCH1和KCNJ15基因,这2个基因的突变会影响免疫系统的调节机制从而发挥作用。

参与此次研究的人员来自中国上海华山医院,从2007年到2016年,共计972名不同程度的AD患者进行全基因组测序,最终确定了中国人群中和阿尔兹海默症进展相关的基因变体。



而对于这些基因为什么会影响中国人(汉族人)AD的易感性,研究人员进行了深入的研究。研究人员通过AD病例中的基因型 - 表型关联或发病年龄分析,重新验证了两个鉴定的风险位点GCH1(rs72713460)和KCNJ15(rs928771)的风险效应。而通过基因型 - 表达关联分析使研究人员可以能够通过证明它们对海马和血液中基因调节的影响来研究该基因的功能变化,结果发现:已鉴定的AD基因风险位点同血浆生物标志物变化有着重要的关联,这表明这些位点可以通过影响AD患者的外周免疫系统从而影响AD的发展。



APOE是为人熟知的晚发型AD遗传标志物,APOE基因的ε4等位基因是该病最强的遗传危险因子。而本次新发现的GCH1和KCNJ15被鉴定为AD的遗传风险位点。

其中GCH1基因编码的蛋白质控制的生化反应对于多巴胺以及一氧化氮的合成是至关重要的。而 GCH1突变与包括多巴胺反应性肌张力障碍、神经性疼痛和帕金森病在内的多种神经元病症相关。而在进一步的研究中证实GCH1基因可能在免疫系统或淀粉样蛋白β相关的代谢途径中发挥重要作用。

而KCNJ15基因则是控制钾电压门控通道的基因家族的一个成员。在本次研究中,KCNJ15转录水平较低的时候,则AD更容易发生。

而通过本次研究,我们可以针对中国人特有的基因位点进行针对性的治疗,这对于中国AD的进展有着极大的意义。目前中国每年新发AD患者180万,然而真正得到正确诊断的患者仅14%。如果可以通过早起诊断AD突变基因,从而提前发现潜藏的AD风险,或许可以大大提高AD患者的生活质量。

原始出处:

Xiaopu Zhou,et al.Identification of genetic risk factors in the Chinese population implicates a role of immune system in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.PNAS 2018; published ahead of print February 5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715554115

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    2018-02-18 drwjr
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2型糖尿病与认知受损和痴呆的高发风险相关。因此,我们需要可以鉴定哪些患者具有发生痴呆的风险。鉴于视网膜是由脑衍生而来的组织,其可能可提供非侵入性的方法来检测脑组织病变。本研究对视网膜的敏感性进行评估,验证其是否与认知受损相应的脑影像的特异性参数相关,并将患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的糖尿病患者和认知正常或患阿尔兹海默症(AD)的糖尿病患者鉴别开来。

Mol Psychiat:输血或能传播阿尔兹海默症

你是否会患上阿尔茨海默氏症?关于该疾病或许能通过输血和手术设备扩散的恐惧一直在增长,但很难找到这种情况正在发生的证据。如今,一项发表于《分子精神病学》杂志的研究发现,一种阿尔茨海默氏症蛋白能在共享血液供给的小鼠间扩散并且导致大脑退化。

Biol Psychiat:拯救神经元——阿尔茨海默病治疗的一个新途径

近日,发表于Biological Psychiatry上的一项研究发现,一种能拯救脑细胞的神经保护化合物,可以防止阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠在晚年出现记忆和学习问题及抑郁样的行为。特别需要关注的是,研究将重点放在神经元存活,而非传统的淀粉样蛋白或神经纤维缠结上,或能为阿尔茨海默病治疗提供新途径。

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