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NEJM:心脏骤停昏迷幸存者使用抗癫痫药物治疗节律和周期性EEG模式

2022-03-02 杨中华 “脑血管病及重症文献导读”公众号

10%至35%的心脏骤停后昏迷患者可以检测到脑电图(EEG)的节律和周期性模式,这可能反映了一种脑电图痫性发作。

据报道,10%至35%的心脏骤停后昏迷患者可以检测到脑电图(EEG)的节律和周期性模式,这可能反映了一种脑电图痫性发作。确切的脑电图痫性发作或临床痫性发作并不常见,而广泛周期性放电在这些患者中很常见,通常与较差的神经功能预后有关。目前尚不清楚是否应使用抗癫痫药物治疗这种节律性和周期性脑电图模式,以改善神经系统预后。

调查显示,约三分之一的神经科医生针对非惊厥性癫痫持续状态和癫痫持续状态逐步采用抗癫痫药物的策略来抑制癫痫样EEG活动,三分之一的神经科医生以非标准方式使用这些药物,三分之一的人不使用抗癫痫药物,因为他们认为这对改善神经系统预后是徒劳的,这些都反应了治疗疗效的不确定性。有人认为,抗癫痫药物的疗效取决于特的定脑电图模式。

2022年2月来自荷兰的J. Hofmeijer等在NEJM上公布了TELSTAR试验结果,目的在于评估强化和逐步抗癫痫治疗和镇静治疗抑制连续EEG上的节律和周期性EEG模式是否会改变心脏骤停后昏迷患者的预后

TELSTAR是一项研究者发起,重实效,开放标签的多中心RCT试验,由荷兰和比利时的11家ICU参加。主要纳入标准包括年龄为18岁或以上,心脏复苏后处于昏迷状态(GCS评分≤8),在自发循环恢复后小于24小时内开始进行连续脑电图监测,脑电图上有节律性或周期性活动。节律性和周期性EEG模式被定义为周期性放电、节律性δ活动、棘波(spike)和尖波EEG模式,每种模式的频率为0.5 Hz或更高,而不管它们在EEG(montages)中的空间演化或时间演化。纳入研究的最短持续时间为30分钟,如果是间歇性的,则为5分钟,不到60分钟间隔时间内至少重复两次。

纳入的患者按1:1的比例随机分配到抗癫痫药物的逐步策略(目的是抑制这种活动至少连续48小时)联合标准治疗组(抗癫痫治疗组)或单独标准治疗组(对照组);标准治疗包括两组的目标温度管理。主要结局是3个月时神经功能预后(根据CPC[Cerebral Performance Category]量表)。次要结局是死亡率、ICU住院时间和机械通气时间。

共招募了172名患者,其中88人被分配到抗癫痫治疗组,84人被分配到对照组。心脏骤停后平均35小时检测到节律性或周期性EEG活动;有资料的157例患者中有98例(62%)出现肌阵挛。抗癫痫治疗组88例患者中有49例(56%)在连续48小时中完全抑制了节律性和周期性EEG活动,对照组83例患者中有2例(2%)。3个月时,抗癫痫治疗组88名患者中有79名(90%),对照组84名患者中有77名(92%)的结局不佳(差异2个百分点;95% CI,?7至11;P=0.68)。3个月时,抗癫痫治疗组的死亡率为80%,对照组为82%。对于ICU的平均住院时间和机械通气的平均持续时间,抗癫痫治疗组略长于对照组。

最终作者认为,对于心脏骤停的昏迷幸存者,抗癫痫药物抑制节律性和周期性EEG活动(持续至少48h)的策略联合标准治疗和单独标准治疗相比,3个月时神经功能不良的发生率没有显着差异

原始出处:

B.J. Ruijter and Others. Treating Rhythmic and Periodic EEG Patterns in Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med. 2022 Feb 24;386(8):724-734. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2115998.

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    2023-01-14 仁医06
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    2022-03-03 wgx307
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    2022-03-02

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