Baidu
map

临床试验中的意向性分析(ITT)原则介绍

2013-06-09 张学中 中国新药杂志

  近年来,术语Intention-To-Treat(ITT),在国外药品临床试验有关的期刊上出现的频率很高,受到广泛重视,得到许多实际应用。ICH-E9[1]对该原则的各种表述和不同用法进行了协调。为便于理解和掌握,我们需从ITT的早期文献开始。ITT是由Austin Bradford Hill(1897-1991)首先引入的,在先后出过12版的著作“医学统计原理”中,从第6版(1955)开

  近年来,术语Intention-To-Treat(ITT),在国外药品临床试验有关的期刊上出现的频率很高,受到广泛重视,得到许多实际应用。ICH-E9[1]对该原则的各种表述和不同用法进行了协调。为便于理解和掌握,我们需从ITT的早期文献开始。ITT是由Austin Bradford Hill(1897-1991)首先引入的,在先后出过12版的著作“医学统计原理”中,从第6版(1955)开始出现这一用语。我们从该书第7版(1961)找到一段介绍ITT原则的叙述和实例,比较易于理解和接受:患者被分到处理组或对照组(符合伦理原则)以后,在试验和进一步观测过程中,会出现出组情况。这 种出组在临床试验的特定情况,常常各组之间例数是不平衡的,这种差别影响到它们之间作比较的合理性……举一个特殊例子,肺癌患者被随机分配到肺切除和辐射 治疗组中,在手术时发现有不可能完成手术的病例,只好因不能手术而出组;但在辐射治疗组则肯定没有这种情况。

  通过此例不难看出,肺癌患者只有在手术以后发现病情过重才不能完成手术,如果从该组排除,不仅在数目上与辐射治疗组不平衡,而且要比较的两组在病情构成上也因此改变。由此看来,还是按原来的随机分组进行分析才较合理,即贯彻原来设计的处理意向。

  在我国,至少在1993年,汤旦林和王松柏就介绍过ITT原则的基本思路和做法。他们指出“在临床试验的实践中,特别是 未能采用双盲法的时候,部分受试者在被随机地分配到新法组后可能要求采用标准疗法。如果不理会这种要求,将违反自愿原则。倘若将这种患者转到对照组中去或 将其试验结果剔除不计都将破坏随机化原则并引入选择性偏性。Ze len为了克服这种困难,于1979年提出了一种新颖的设计方案:将受试者随机分为标准疗法组和新药组;分到新药组的受试者如要求采用标准疗法应予同意; 最后,当比较两组疗效时,应将原先分到新药组而后来转到标准疗法组的受试者的数据仍旧放回到新药组去进行统计分析。这种方法的优点是缓解了随机分组与知情 同意的矛盾,而且其思路的本身具有启发性。其局限性在于,当拒绝接受新疗法的受试者的数量不小时,新疗法的疗效可能被歪曲,检出差异的功效会降低”。陈铮鸣和邵永孚于1994年指出:“临床情况错综复杂,在任何一项临床试验中,患者对治疗的实施率不可能达到100%……在具体处理时有一个非常简单而重要的原则,就是不按患者在研究过程中实际所接受的治疗分组,而仍按患者入组时的组别分析,也即按治疗意向ITT分析,否则就会引入偏差”。

  ITT这一题目经常引起争论。一个患者被随机地分到A组,而实际上却接受了处理B,分析时又要按接受处理A来考虑,这对新手来说一开始是完全不能理解的。

  下面,根据ICH-E9及其附录对ITT原则作简要的介绍,其中参考了高晨燕等对 e9的译文, 希望读者在临床试验的实践中能够应用。

  在ICH-E9中,所谓ITT原则主要是基于处理意向(即临床试验的设计方案),同时也考虑实际的处理情况对受试者进行评估,其治疗(或处理)的效应 才能得到最佳的估计。因此,分配到任一处理组中的受试者都应当作为该组成员被随访、评估和分析。ITT原则意味着临床试验的原始分析应该包括所有经过随机 化安排的受试者。

  ITT原则的理想情况在临床试验的实践中不易完全达到,然而按这一思想,可具体归结为如何确定对试验资料进行分析的数据集。ICH-E9给出“全分析集”(Full analysis sets,FAS)和“符合方案集”(Per-protocol sets,PP)的概念。

  “全分析集”是指按ITT原则尽可能接近于理想,通过对所有随机化受试者的数据作最少和公正的剔除之后所得到的数据集。“全分析集”是在于保持原始随机化数据集的完整性,防止偏性,并为统计检验提供合理(可比)的基础。

  “符合方案集”有时称“有效病例”、“有效样本”或“可评估受试者的样本”,它是全分析集中的一个子集,其受试者对方案具有充分的依从性,能够用来对 处理的效应进行估计,且其特征符合如下准则:①完成预定的处理规程有起码的表现;②可以得到对主要变量的测定;③没有任何大的违反方案的地方,包括违反入 组标准。

  将受试者剔除在符合方案集之外的确切理由应当事先定下来,并在试验设计方案中写明。在实践中,可以既对全分析集又对符合方案集进行分析,当得出实质上是相同的结论时,试验结果的可信性就增加了。

  一受试者是否应在一个或两个数据集中,还是应该从数据分析中被剔除?应该在盲态审查(blind review)期,即在数据观测完但尚未揭盲而做各种核查时确定。按照E9,一般应对前述两种数据集都作分析,并且以二者所得结论一致为佳。若二者有差别,就需很细致地分析和讨论。而且,E9对不同情况下宜优先分析的数据集还做了交代,见表1。

表1 临床试验分析的优先数据集

项目 临床试验情况 优先使用数据集
试验比较性质 优效性试验

  等效性试验

  非劣效性试验

ITT

  EFFa

  EFF

试验目的类型 验证性试验

 

  探索性试验

ITT

 

  EFF

试验医药产品性质 有效性

  安全性

  耐受性

EFF

  ITT

  ITT

试验分期 I期

  II~III期

EFF

  ITT

  a.EFF指符合方案集,也称FAS


版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (8)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77667, encodeId=7e96e766764, content=最后对EFF的注释,反而让我混淆了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=2, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc021712097, createdName=sunnywha, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 13:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41640, encodeId=9f4141640b9, content=查文献时看到了这种提法,现在懂了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea2190922, createdName=banana, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 23:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26983, encodeId=0b5c2698398, content=正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=193, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26984, encodeId=a4f7269845a, content=非常好的资料,很有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26982, encodeId=881026982c9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25801, encodeId=975c2580173, content=很好,正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=317d1610674, createdName=qingqingdefeng, createdTime=Tue Jun 02 22:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-13 sunnywha

    最后对EFF的注释,反而让我混淆了。

    2

    展开2条回复
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77667, encodeId=7e96e766764, content=最后对EFF的注释,反而让我混淆了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=2, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc021712097, createdName=sunnywha, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 13:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41640, encodeId=9f4141640b9, content=查文献时看到了这种提法,现在懂了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea2190922, createdName=banana, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 23:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26983, encodeId=0b5c2698398, content=正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=193, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26984, encodeId=a4f7269845a, content=非常好的资料,很有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26982, encodeId=881026982c9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25801, encodeId=975c2580173, content=很好,正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=317d1610674, createdName=qingqingdefeng, createdTime=Tue Jun 02 22:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-27 banana

    查文献时看到了这种提法,现在懂了,非常感谢

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77667, encodeId=7e96e766764, content=最后对EFF的注释,反而让我混淆了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=2, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc021712097, createdName=sunnywha, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 13:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41640, encodeId=9f4141640b9, content=查文献时看到了这种提法,现在懂了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea2190922, createdName=banana, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 23:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26983, encodeId=0b5c2698398, content=正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=193, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26984, encodeId=a4f7269845a, content=非常好的资料,很有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26982, encodeId=881026982c9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25801, encodeId=975c2580173, content=很好,正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=317d1610674, createdName=qingqingdefeng, createdTime=Tue Jun 02 22:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-11 18619c0a62m

    正需要,谢谢!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77667, encodeId=7e96e766764, content=最后对EFF的注释,反而让我混淆了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=2, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc021712097, createdName=sunnywha, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 13:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41640, encodeId=9f4141640b9, content=查文献时看到了这种提法,现在懂了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea2190922, createdName=banana, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 23:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26983, encodeId=0b5c2698398, content=正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=193, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26984, encodeId=a4f7269845a, content=非常好的资料,很有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26982, encodeId=881026982c9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25801, encodeId=975c2580173, content=很好,正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=317d1610674, createdName=qingqingdefeng, createdTime=Tue Jun 02 22:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-11 18619c0a62m

    非常好的资料,很有用。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77667, encodeId=7e96e766764, content=最后对EFF的注释,反而让我混淆了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=2, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc021712097, createdName=sunnywha, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 13:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41640, encodeId=9f4141640b9, content=查文献时看到了这种提法,现在懂了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea2190922, createdName=banana, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 23:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26983, encodeId=0b5c2698398, content=正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=193, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26984, encodeId=a4f7269845a, content=非常好的资料,很有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26982, encodeId=881026982c9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25801, encodeId=975c2580173, content=很好,正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=317d1610674, createdName=qingqingdefeng, createdTime=Tue Jun 02 22:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-11 18619c0a62m

    很好,看不全啊

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77667, encodeId=7e96e766764, content=最后对EFF的注释,反而让我混淆了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=2, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc021712097, createdName=sunnywha, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 13:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41640, encodeId=9f4141640b9, content=查文献时看到了这种提法,现在懂了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea2190922, createdName=banana, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 23:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26983, encodeId=0b5c2698398, content=正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=193, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26984, encodeId=a4f7269845a, content=非常好的资料,很有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26982, encodeId=881026982c9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25801, encodeId=975c2580173, content=很好,正需要,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=317d1610674, createdName=qingqingdefeng, createdTime=Tue Jun 02 22:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-02 qingqingdefeng

    很好,正需要,谢谢!

    0

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map