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Sci Trans Med:厉害了,中国科学家在ICU杀手脓毒症上取得重大突破,每年数千万患者或因此受益

2017-10-21 姬亚茹、王新凯 奇点网

2017年10月19日,《科学》子刊《Science Translational Medicine》发表了广州医科大学附属第三医院唐道林博士课题组联合陆军军医大学蒋建新教授课题组的一项重磅研究成果!

2017年10月19日,《科学》子刊《Science Translational Medicine》发表了广州医科大学附属第三医院唐道林博士课题组联合陆军军医大学蒋建新教授课题组的一项重磅研究成果!

该研究首次揭示了肿瘤相关激酶ALK,竟然能够调节免疫细胞(例如巨噬细胞)的过度活化,从而导致脓毒症的发生。更重要的是,研究人员发现抗肿瘤药物色瑞替尼(ALK激酶抑制剂)能够显着抑制这种免疫系统的过度活化,降低脓毒症的发生风险。

《STM》的评审专家认为,这项研究建立了ALK介导脓毒症发病的全新学说!

奇点君在第一时间对唐教授进行了采访,唐教授表示,“脓毒症作为重症监护室内死亡率最高的疾病之一,已经成为世界范围内的医学难题。我们的研究揭示了ALK激酶抑制剂的免疫新功能,阐明了ALK激酶介导炎症活化致脓毒症的新机制,为治疗和检测脓毒症提供了新思路!”


唐道林教授

脓毒症(过去又叫败血症)其实是一种致命疾病。平时我们有个感冒、发烧、头疼的,吃个药消消炎症可能就好了,感染严重的最多去医院打上几天点滴。但对于再严重点的,由局部感染发展成脓毒症这样全身感染的,就没那么简单了。

脓毒症病情十分凶险,不来则已,一来就让人招架不住,这种过度的炎症反应不仅可以引起休克、各大器官损伤、甚至致死。

虽然这个名字听起来有点陌生,脓毒症患者却不罕见,甚至可以说高发。据悉,全球每年有超过1800万严重脓毒症病例。脓毒症不仅发生率高且逐年上升,病死率更是高达30%-70%,全球每天约有14000人死于脓毒症并发症,美国每年约21.5万人死亡。

更可怕的是,对于这样一个来势汹汹的疾病,其发病机制仍不清楚,也没有特异性针对该病的药物。临床医生们除了选择使用杀死细菌的抗感染治疗,别无它法。

往往更郁闷的是,可能压根儿就检测不到究竟是哪种“超级”细菌在脓毒症患者体内“作怪”,甚至有的患者体内根本没有细菌,也引发了严重的炎症反应,这可让医生们如何是好?

提到开展这样一个课题研究的机缘,唐教授表示,自己在研究生阶段就开始从事脓毒症的发病机制研究,在有自己的实验室后,关于脓毒症发生发展的免疫代谢分子机制,就成为实验室其中的一个研究方向。

之前课题组曾首次证明PKM2蛋白介导的巨噬细胞免疫代谢重组参与脓毒症时HMGB1释放以及炎症小体活化的调控,相关研究结果也分别于2014年和2016年发表在《自然》子刊《Nature Communications》中。

我们都知道,当细菌等病原体入侵人体时,人体中天然免疫系统作为第一道防线来抵抗它们的入侵,如果炎症免疫失调就可能导致脓毒症等疾病。而干扰素刺激因子(STING)在这一过程中起到了重要的作用,以往研究曾在脓毒症小鼠模型中发现,细菌等激活STING后,加速了炎症反应、器官紊乱,甚至致其死亡。

课题组研究人员利用靶向药物库筛查,意外地发现抗癌药色瑞替尼(ALK激酶抑制剂LDK378)能够抑制由细菌等感染引发的STING通路活化,于是科学家猜测ALK可能在STING通路活化中起到了关键性的作用。

间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)于1994年在间变性大细胞淋巴瘤中首次发现,作为一个强力致癌驱动基因,它可以启动几个参与细胞增殖和转化的信号转导通路。ALK基因的不同改变与人体恶性肿瘤的发展有关,特别是非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)。

色瑞替尼则是2014年美国FDA批准用于治疗间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)阳性的转移性非小细胞肺癌的靶向药。这样一个抗肿瘤药物意外地和跟脓毒症这种炎症性疾病扯上关系,还真是首次发现。

2014年美国FDA正式批准了诺华研发的抗肺癌新药色瑞替尼(Ceritinib)上市

为了进一步探明ALK激酶抑制剂在STING通路活化中的具体机制,研究人员利用生物化学和分子生物学技术,在多种人、鼠巨噬细胞和单核细胞中证明了,ALK能够直接与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)受体结合,通过蛋白激酶B(AKT)促进STING通路活化。也就是说,ALK在STING通路活化中起到了重要的调节作用。

接下来,研究人员在脓毒症小鼠模型感染的第2,24,48以及72小时腹腔内重复注射ALK抑制剂(LDK378),发现小鼠存活率升高,肺部、小肠组织损伤减少,同时减少了炎症因子的释放。同样地,在缺乏STING基因的脓毒症小鼠中也观察到了上述现象。证明ALK靶向药物(色瑞替尼)能够显着控制脓毒症的凶猛病势,并能够减少脓毒症的发生风险。


ALK抑制剂和STING基因敲除的败血症小鼠存活率升高
(黑色:对照组存活率;蓝色:STING基因敲除小鼠;红色:使用ALK抑制剂的小鼠)


ALK抑制剂和STING基因敲除的败血症小鼠肺部和小肠组织损伤减少 (STING–/–:STING基因敲除小鼠;LDK378:使用ALK抑制剂的小鼠)

另外,研究人员又对比了健康人和脓毒症病人外周血,验证了在脓毒症病人单核细胞中ALK-STING通路的过度活化。

研究人员表示,鉴于动物模型试验已经证明,ALK靶向药物色瑞替尼能够显着减少脓毒症的发生风险,接下来他们准备开展一项针对ALK抑制剂抗炎相关的临床试验,验证药物疗效、确定药物用量和患者耐受情况。


论文第一作者曾灵博士

要知道,现阶段脓毒症的治疗药物其实主要是抗感染药物(例如抗生素)和辅助治疗药物(例如缩血管药物、正性肌力药物、β受体阻滞剂)两类,临床上一直缺乏脓毒症特异性治疗药物。而基因干预或药物抑制ALK-STING通路,则能够影响多种脓毒症相关免疫介质的表达和释放,这与过去临床试验针对单一免疫介质的治疗策略是不同的。

毫不夸张地说,这项研究的发现,以及接下来的临床结果,将会关系到全球每年上千万脓毒症患者的命运。

奇点君将持续关注课题组研究人员的下一步进展,也期待着我国科学家们能够在攻克脓毒症这一世界医学难题上,做出一份贡献!

原始出处:

[1]Ling Zeng, Rui Kang, Shan Zhu, et al. ALK is a therapeutic target for lethal sepsis. Sci Trans Med, 18 Oct 2017.

[2]Yang L, Xie M, Yang M, et al. PKM2 regulates the Warburg effect and promotes HMGB1 release in sepsis[J]. Nature communications, 2014, 5: 4436.

[3]Xie M, Yu Y, Kang R, et al. PKM2-dependent glycolysis promotes NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation[J]. Nature communications, 2016, 7: 13280.

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1656896, encodeId=7ced1656896f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 17:49:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024310, encodeId=15a42024310e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79f4219392b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21939, encryptionId=79f4219392b, topicName=中国科学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66ec123, createdName=guihongzh, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 06:49:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516957, encodeId=600b151695ec8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1232194031' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Oct 23 09:49:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608131, encodeId=e1e91608131db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 09:49:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255005, encodeId=e8c02550058b, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Oct 22 07:11:21 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254925, encodeId=0ea7254925ff, content=谢谢分享.很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a6831717982, createdName=微分, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 21:18:18 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2017-10-22 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.了解了解

    0

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    2017-10-21 微分

    谢谢分享.很好

    0

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